2. A) According to democratic theory, elections help shape public policy and select the policy…
of politics C. political participation 1. voter turnout a) fairly poor in the U.S. 2. Single issue groups a) groups focused entirely on a single political issue b) vote on candidates based on where candidate stands on the issue and no other aspects The Policymaking System A. people shape policy 1. public…
Section 33 of the Charter of Rights also known as the “Notwithstanding Clause” is a legislative power that allows the Parliament to override certain rights and freedoms contained in the Charter. This power applies to certain categories in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which are fundamental freedoms (ss 2), legal and equality rights (7 to 15). The remaining Charter are exempt to the notwithstanding clause because those rights are too important to be overridden over any circumstances. However, the notwithstanding clause has been used sporadically and at times arguably at provincial and territorial levels. For example Quebec was the first to invoke the clause in 1982 and in 1988 when the government passed legislation…
Central to Democracy, because Government is formed by the political party with the majority of seats in the lower house, it represents the views and values of the majority of people. If the Government fails to represent the views of the majority adequately, the electoral process will allow the community to not re-elect that particular political party to office. This ensures that Government policy reflects the majorities views and values, thus Government is forced represent the community, or face electoral back-lash and not be re-elected to office.…
A government in which everyone was paying attention and offering their alleged views— would be impractical given the complexity of laws that national government is expected to enact, it’s unrealistic and would only lead to an even less cohesive form of government that would make implementing and carrying out laws even harder. This demonstrates why Stimson theory of “working at the margin” is important, because it allows the government to “observe the aggregate responsiveness mood of only some citizens” (152). Which suggests that the macro-perspective or aggregate, generates the reliability and legitimacy so the average opinion will be that from people who actually pay attention to politics. This makes public opinion significant by thus cancelling out the “noise” or ignorance of most citizens who know almost nothing about…
Where the “true interests” of the people are served, whether or not those people directly affect the decision making (democratic centralism)0…
In 1960, the federal government passed the Canadian Bill of Rights. This law statute was not part of the Constitution. It had no more power than any other law. The Bill spoke of fundamental freedoms, legal rights and equality before the law. But if a law itself was discriminatory, the Bill of Rights was generally not helpful. As well, the Bill only applied to federal, not provincial laws.…
At times parties differ on important facts such as if there is evidence of human behavior affecting change in climate. (Democracy in America,2014).Partisan polarization interferes with law making process which may also have adverse effects on policy making actors, more positive policy making theory have shown that inability to pass correct legislation allows greater independence judicial and executive actors of the policy making process. Polarization has two effects on policies; it either leads to creation of new policies or extinction of the existing policies. Due to dispersion in authority of policy making system in the U.S, development of public policies…
Because a just government cannot violate the negative rights of its citizens I negate the resolution: in matters of U.S. immigration policy restrictions on the rights of non-citizens are consistent with democratic ideals.…
The belief that competition among all affected interests shaps public policy. ii. Pluralists believe that political tools such as money, prestige, expertise, and access to the mass media are too widely scattered fora single elite to monopolize on them. iii. Pluralists acknowledge that big businesses, cozy elites, or career bureaucrats may dominate on some issues, but not all. V. Is Democracy driven by Self-Interest?A. Some actions are independent of self interest, but others aren’t.i. Dependent on individual’s ideals, morals, and ethics. ii. A policy may be good or bad regardless of the motive behind it. B. The belief that people will usually act on the basis of their self-interest, narrowly defined, is a theory to be tested, not an assumption to be made.i. Some people act out of purely self interest while others do not. Most people lay somewhere in between. VI. What Explains Political Change?A. Many forces drive political changei. Economic interestsii. Powerful elitesiii. Entrenched bureaucratsiv. Competing pressure groupsv. Morally impassioned individuals vi. WarsB. Many historical things have happened in U.S history causing political changei. The Great Depressionii. The development of the federal government VII. The Nature of Politics A. The Importance of Power in Politicsi. Conjures up deals, bribes, power plays, and arm twisting. ii. Shared understanding, common friendships, communal or organizational loyalties can shape…
Before the Charter even existed, freedoms and rights were protected in Canada by several laws. One of the several laws that protected freedoms and rights, was the 1960 Bill of Rights. Although more important, none of these laws were part of the Constitution (The Constitution is a document that was signed in 1982 by the Queen (Elizabeth) and Canada’s famous Prime Minister Pierre Elliot Trudeau, signed the Constitution Act, 1982, which includes the British North America Act and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms) and therefore lacked the power and durability of the Charter. The Bill of Rights also only applied to federal, rather than provincial laws. Early 1980s, Pierre Trudeau, Liberal government started to begin the process of patriating Canada's Constitution—taking it out of the hands of the British Parliament; the government also decided to include within the Constitution a new Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Along with the extensive constitutional debates, that then dominated politics for much of 1981 and 1982, there were specific concerns about the Charter: would it give courts and judges too much power to interpret its meaning, and how would it be altered once it was in place? There were also deep reservations among provincial leaders that a Charter would restrict the right of provinces to independently make…
general rule, the government follows the will of the majority. And the will of the majority is that public…
solely on a single aspect of the social and political structure (Sage). The goals of progressive…
To understand public policy is to essentially understand what key elements in the environment sway policymaking. Keeping in mind that public policy in the United States alludes to a course of action or inaction taken by actors purposive to solve the problems or matters of concern amongst the citizens. Many key elements exist that affect the policy environment such as; socioeconomic conditions, time and nongovernmental participants. People are unique in the way they think, process information and in capabilities and it is precisely why socioeconomic conditions are a key factor in swaying public policy. For instance, James E. Anderson makes the claim that those having more education are more likely to earn more and vote then those with less of…
Public choice or public choice theory has been described as "the use of economic tools to deal with traditional problems of political science".[1] Its content includes the study of political behavior.[2] In political science, it is the subset of positive political theory that models voters, politicians, and bureaucrats as mainly self-interested.[1] In particular, it studies such agents and their interactions in the social system either as such or under alternative constitutional rules. These can be represented in a number of ways, including standard constrained utility maximization, game theory, or decision theory. Public choice analysis has roots in positive analysis ("what is") but is often used for normative purposes ("what ought to be"), to identify a…