Asch carried out an experiment in 1951 to investigate the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person to conform. Asch used a lab experiment, where 50 male students from a college in the USA participated in a ‘vision test’. Using a line judgement test, one of the more naïve participants was put in a room with 7 confederates. The confederates had agreed in advance what their responses would be involving the line task. The real participant didn’t know this, and was led to believe that the other 7 people were participants just like themselves. Each person in the room had to say clearly which comparison line was most alike the target line. The answer was made obvious. The real participant sat at the back of the room and gave their answer last. There were roughly 18 trials in total and the confederates gave the wrong answer on 12 trials. Asch was interested to see if the real participant would conform to the majority view, the experiment also had a controlled condition where there were no confederates. It was found that 32% of the participants who were placed in this situation conformed to the earlier incorrect responses. Over the 12 trials about 75% of participant’s conformed at least once and 25% never conformed. In the control group, with no pressure to conform, less than 1% of participants gave the wrong answer. It was therefore concluded that people either conform due to the fact that they want to fit in or because they believe that the group is better informed than they are. This study is criticised in that it is a biased sample as the participants were all male, all belonged to the same college and were all the same age. With this in mind and the fact that the sample size was small suggests that the data collected isn’t representative of the target population, as it cannot be generalised to female groups for example. Another issue is that the experiment is artificial meaning that it lacks or has very low ecological validity and…
There are two major studies in which we can look, at these are Asch and Zimbardo. Asked our student volunteers to take part in the vision test, all but one of the volunteers were colleagues of the experimenter. the volunteers were shown 3 lines the free lines were all different sizes and there was a fourth line which was the same size as one of the 3 lines. All the volunteers had to do was to say Which line was the same size as the separate fourth line. Altogether there were 123 American undergraduates being tested. Asch showed a series of lines to participants seated around a table, participants always answered in the same order. The colleagues were instructed to give the same incorrect answer on 12 of the 18 trials. On 12 critical trials 36.8% of the participants got the answer incorrect in other words they conformed with the majority. A quarter of the participants did not conform on any of the trials. Although people did conform the size of the group depended on how many people conform e.g. if there was a large group and they all said the wrong answers the participant will become suspicious and not conform. Also the participants profession could make a difference on whether they conform e.g. a maths teacher will realise that the size of the line is the same as they work with this sort of thing every day. When the difference between the sizes of the lines decreased, making it harder to distinguish the difference between the lines, the level of conformity increased. this study was only conducted on American men during a period of time when people were scared to be different. another weakness is that only one third of participants conformed the other participants stuck and gave the right answer or the answer they thought was right The next study is Zimbardo's Stanford prison experiment. To conduct this experiment a mock correctional facility was constructed in the basement of Stanford University, an advert was…
| |Washington, D.C. May 24, 2010 |subjects generally behave. Self-reported answers may be | |…
Group display in humans has been studied by a variety of psychologists both classic and contemporary. Psychologists such as Le Bon believe that crowd behaviour is explained through the individual taking on the ‘psychology’ of the crowd’. Essentially, the actions of a crowd can be explained through situational factors, such as convergence in one location, or the result of normless situations where people look to others to see how to act when norms of behaviour are unavailable.…
Bandura et al conducted a study in order to support his theory, the well known Bobo doll study. In the study 72 child participants were used. There were an equal number of boys and girls throughout. Half of the participants in the experimental group were exposed to an aggressive role model and the other half a passive role model. Within the aggressive group half would view the same sex role model act aggressive towards a Bobo doll and the other half an opposite sex role model doing the same. This balance was also used in the non-aggressive group. The control group of 24 participants went through the same process but did not see a role model interact with the Bobo doll. Before making the observations Bandura interviewed the teachers of the participants to rate them in regards to aggressiveness, which provided Bandura with comparisons in behaviour. The children then entered a room with an experimenter and a role model and observed different interactions towards the Bobo doll…
Men and woman have different ways when it comes to help someone. “Men are more impulsive and physically active, while women are more nurturing and supportive.” Four situational factors and examples that increases one's likelihood to offer help to others.…
Yoder, J. D., Hogue, M. Newman, R., Metz, L. & LaVigne, T. (2003). Exploring moderators of gender differences: Contextual differences in door-holding behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32, 1682-1686.…
* Goffman E. 1963. Behavior in Public Places: Notes on the Social Organization of Gatherings…
5.|Students who were told that a young woman had been instructed to act in a very unfriendly way for the purposes of the experiment concluded that her behavior:|…
People are constantly exhibiting waves of signals. These signals may be silent messages communicated through the body’s movements, facial expressions, voice tone and loudness to one another; also known as non-verbal communication. However, which gender is more likely to notice other people’s body language? Women are more likely to pick up on body language than men because women are touched more than men. In addition, women have always been known to express themselves better than men. Also, women are more caregiving and involved with their children than men, leading to the conclusion that the female gender notice body language more than the male gender.…
The aim of this experiment was to see how many participants would conform and what influenced them to conform. It was hypothesised that the participants would conform as a result of many variables including group size,…
That Vliet has treated many patients over the years of her career and has perceived some similarities from the patients she has seen over the years. Vliet (2016) mentions that similar findings of her patients, describe some as “unpredictable and uncontrollable” (para.8). Vliet’s’ findings of her patients have helped her to form the stance on having gender neutral bathrooms give access to people who don’t identify with their biology, will cause more danger to the public. She explains that the policy only thinks of the minority and not the majority of the public. She continues to argue that gender neutral bathrooms promote people to violate the policy. Vliet argues, “separate bathroom and locker facilities for men and women helps provide physical and psychological safety” (para.…
An important experiment demonstrating under which circumstances people showed conformity was done by a psychologist named Asch (1956). Asch`s experiments were made up to look like a vision test to the participating. The naive subjects did not know that the other participants in the experiment were all confederates. When all the confederates gave the same, but obviously wrong answer, many of the subjects conformed and gave the same wrong answer. Nearly 75 percent of the participants in the conformity experiments went along with the rest of the group at least a single time.…
Participants' behaviour was slightly affected due to the fact that they were watched as opposed to a lurking variable (Hawthorne effect). This questions the reliability of the experiment and its findings to a certain extent, as we do not know how the participants would have acted as whole if they were not being watched. Even knowing they were being observed, guards and prisoners acted differently than normal. It was clear to see that many of the guards…
Seven visitors were observed discussing the exhibit. The first group consisted of two visitors and the second was a group of five people. Among the 81 exhibit visitors, 23 people or 28.39% went in the exhibition with another person while the rest came in alone. These 23 people were divided into 8 different groups; only two out of eight had members who appeared to discuss something about the exhibit. If there was more than one person in the exhibit but neither or none of them seemed to know each other, those people were not counted as part of a group and their data was recorded individually. People who came in together and appeared to know each other were classified as a group. A group was recorded as discussing something about the exhibit if at least two members were seen talking with each other while their attention was visibly turned to the exhibition (e.g. heads turned towards a display table, one visitor pointing at an exhibit object while talking to…