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Dying Natural Fabrics

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Dying Natural Fabrics
The objective of this experiment was to synthesize indigo and azo dyes and use them to observe their effectiveness in dying natural fabrics. The results of the experiment are summarized below.

Weights
Starting materials:
• Aniline-3-sulfonic acid: 0.493 g
• Salicylic Acid: 0.398 g
Azo Dye: 0.515 g
% Yield: (actual/theoretical) x 100
• Actual 0.515 g
• Theoretical: o Aniline-3-sulfonic acid: (0.493 g/173.19g/mol) = 0.00285 mol o Salicylic acid: (0.398 g/152.15 g/mol) = 0.00262 mol o Limiting Reagent: Salicylic acid o Product: 0.00262 mol x (322.29 g/mol) = 0.844 g
• % Yield: (0.515 g/0.844 g) x 100 = 61.0%

For both dyes, there were a few fabrics that had the strongest color. They included nylon 66, silk, and worsted wool. One thing that …show more content…
When indigo is reduced, it forms leucoindigo. Indigo is a blue dye while leucoindigo is colorless. Below is the equation of the reduction of indigo:
In order for indigo to be used, it needs to be reduced into leucoindigo because indigo is highly insoluble while leucoindigo is water-soluble. When fabric is soaked in leucoindigo and then allowed to be air dried, the exposure to the air oxidizes the leucoindigo, turning it back into indigo. Once it turns back into indigo, it becomes trapped in the …show more content…
When indigo gets reduced, it forms into leucoindigo, which is a colorless solution. Azo dyes are synthetic colors that can be made into all colors of the rainbow but red/yellow dyes are more common. In the experiment performed, out of the eight fabrics used, the best fibers that can be dyed are worsted wool, silk and Nylon 66. The fibers that can be least dyed are disperse polyester and polyacrylic. Indigo is insoluble in water because it is nonpolar while leucoindigo is soluble in water because of the –OH groups attached that are able to form hydrogen bonds with water more easily than the carbonyl groups in indigo. Some of the azo dyes showed stronger colors than others and this was due to the structure. The azo dyes that had the least dyes fabric were made from salicylic acid. The difference between salicylic acid and the other two phenols used in the synthesis of azo dyes is that it contains a carboxylic
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