Fertilisation Lab
Reproduction
Fact Sheet
Male: Sperm
Female: Ovum (egg)
What happens to Gametes at Fertilisation?
Fertilisation is the process where sperm (from the male) and the ovum (from the female) fuse together to form the zygote. Each gamete contains 23 chromosomes which combine together, in the zygote, to combine to a full set of 46 chromosomes – half from the father and half from the mother.. Summed up, it is where the male gamete and a female gamete join. The fusion of gametes enables the genetic information to mix.
Proteins found in the Human Body
Enzymes – they are proteins which catalyse chemical reactions. They contain a lock-and-key mechanism which makes them highly specific to certain substrates. Each enzyme accelerates only one …show more content…
or two chemical reactions – i.e. amylase.
Collagen- a protein that is found in the tendons.
Keratin – a fibrous structural protein that is key in the make-up of hair and nails.
Elastin– a protein that connects body tissues (enables them to contract and relax).
Plants can continue to grow because their cell division is an active process, in the sense of unspecialised stem cells. The process of cell division is carried out by meristems. Meristems can are undifferentiated cells that continuously divide if a part of plant requires repair or growth. Meristems last during the plant’s entire life. The reason why humans cannot repair large parts of their bodies is because they contain only a few stem cells that can specialise into a few cell-types (adult stem cells).
Gametes/Sex Cells in Plants
The male sex cell is the sperm which is found in the pollen grains.
The female sex cell is the ovary. The ovary is located in the stigma.
The scientific name for the fertilised egg is a zygote. A zygote contains a full set of chromosomes (46) – half from each parent.
The scientific name for unspecialised cells which make up the fertilised egg and the embryo are called Embryonic Stem Cells.
Process of making gametes in plants and humans
The process is known as meiosis.
Meiosis is a type of cell which produces male and female gametes in plants and animals. A ‘cell’ contains 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs. However, gametes are sperm or eggs, and only contain half as many chromosomes.
Process by which new cells are made
The process by which new cells are made is called mitosis. Mitosis is a type of cell division where one cell splits up into two new identical cells. Before a cell can divide it has produce copies of other organelles such as ribosome and mitochondria, as well as another nucleus and 46 more chromosomes. During mitosis the copies of chromosomes separate and the entire cell divides into two. One organelle which would need to be copied
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Which organelles are copied during mitosis in plants and animals?
One organelle that would need to be copied in plants would be chloroplasts.
One organelle that would need to be copied in humans would be mitochondria.
How many genes are required to make each protein
A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a particular protein.
The link between amino acids and
proteins
Three nitrogenous bases code (a triplet code) for a particular amino acid. As the ‘code’ of bases is read, chains of amino acids are formed in a certain order. These long chains of amino acids separate from the ribosome (where the base codes are read) as proteins.
Summed up: three nitrogenous bases code for one amino acid multiple amounts of bases are read chains of amino acids produced chains of amino acids are proteins.
Triplet Code
The triplet code is a sequence of the bases which code for a particular amino acid.
A gene is a section of DNA Chains of amino acids are proteins.
Bases of DNA
Adenine (A)
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Fact Sheet
Male: Sperm
Female: Ovum (egg)
What happens to Gametes at Fertilisation?
Fertilisation is the process where sperm (from the male) and the ovum (from the female) fuse together to form the zygote. Each gamete contains 23 chromosomes which combine together, in the zygote, to combine to a full set of 46 chromosomes – half from the father and half from the mother.. Summed up, it is where the male gamete and a female gamete join. The fusion of gametes enables the genetic information to mix.
Proteins found in the Human Body
Enzymes – they are proteins which catalyse chemical reactions. They contain a lock-and-key mechanism which makes them highly specific to certain substrates. Each enzyme accelerates only one …show more content…
or two chemical reactions – i.e. amylase.
Collagen- a protein that is found in the tendons.
Keratin – a fibrous structural protein that is key in the make-up of hair and nails.
Elastin– a protein that connects body tissues (enables them to contract and relax).
Plants can continue to grow because their cell division is an active process, in the sense of unspecialised stem cells. The process of cell division is carried out by meristems. Meristems can are undifferentiated cells that continuously divide if a part of plant requires repair or growth. Meristems last during the plant’s entire life. The reason why humans cannot repair large parts of their bodies is because they contain only a few stem cells that can specialise into a few cell-types (adult stem cells).
Gametes/Sex Cells in Plants
The male sex cell is the sperm which is found in the pollen grains.
The female sex cell is the ovary. The ovary is located in the stigma.
The scientific name for the fertilised egg is a zygote. A zygote contains a full set of chromosomes (46) – half from each parent.
The scientific name for unspecialised cells which make up the fertilised egg and the embryo are called Embryonic Stem Cells.
Process of making gametes in plants and humans
The process is known as meiosis.
Meiosis is a type of cell which produces male and female gametes in plants and animals. A ‘cell’ contains 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs. However, gametes are sperm or eggs, and only contain half as many chromosomes.
Process by which new cells are made
The process by which new cells are made is called mitosis. Mitosis is a type of cell division where one cell splits up into two new identical cells. Before a cell can divide it has produce copies of other organelles such as ribosome and mitochondria, as well as another nucleus and 46 more chromosomes. During mitosis the copies of chromosomes separate and the entire cell divides into two. One organelle which would need to be copied
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Which organelles are copied during mitosis in plants and animals?
One organelle that would need to be copied in plants would be chloroplasts.
One organelle that would need to be copied in humans would be mitochondria.
How many genes are required to make each protein
A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a particular protein.
The link between amino acids and
proteins
Three nitrogenous bases code (a triplet code) for a particular amino acid. As the ‘code’ of bases is read, chains of amino acids are formed in a certain order. These long chains of amino acids separate from the ribosome (where the base codes are read) as proteins.
Summed up: three nitrogenous bases code for one amino acid multiple amounts of bases are read chains of amino acids produced chains of amino acids are proteins.
Triplet Code
The triplet code is a sequence of the bases which code for a particular amino acid.
A gene is a section of DNA Chains of amino acids are proteins.
Bases of DNA
Adenine (A)
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)