Flow Cytometry Analysis: Feline Panleukopenia
1. By using two specific examples of an infectious disease and cancer (lymphoma or leukemia, etc) describe the application of the following techniques in detection and diagnosis.
a) Flow cytometry analysis
“Feline Panleukopenia (FP) is a highly contagious viral disease of cats caused by the Feline Parvovirus,” (American Veterinary Medical Association, 2013). This disease is a secondary infection that caused by the apoptosis of infected animal’s cells and reduces the expression of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2 ). The cells infected include cells in the bone marrow and cells lining the intestines. As a result of the destruction of white blood cells, the immune system of the infected animal is compromised and leads to the development …show more content…
Immunofluorescence technique combines the sensitivity and specificity of immunology with the precision of microscopy. There are two types or techniques of immunofluorescence that are direct and indirect immunofluorescence. In direct immunofluorescence, specific antibodies are conjugated with fluorescent compounds. The conjugated antiserum is added to tissues and thus fixed to the antigens. Unbound antibodies and non-antibody proteins are removed by washing and the preparation is observed in a fluorescence microscope. Meanwhile, indirect immunofluorescence, indirect fluorescence is a double antibody technique. The unlabeled antibodies which have bound to the antigens are visualized by a fluorescent antiglobulin reagent directed at the unlabeled …show more content…
Vaccines can stimulate the B and T cells immune response, but not necessary the response produced is sufficient and protective. To protect and reduce infection, antibodies must be functional in the sense of neutralization, opsonophagocytosis, binding to active sites of antigen and activation of complement. However, some vaccines are unable to perform these. After vaccination, most infections are prevented at particular level of response but some will occur above that level or lesser of that level due to some reasons including challenge in dose. Therefore, it is important to measure vaccine-induced antibody response to measure the protective level of the antibody response since the response give protection against infection. Host response to vaccination is evaluated based on a change in antibody titer that was compared between pre-vaccination and post-vaccination. Increased in antigen specific antibody value indicate in antibody production of the host in response to vaccination. Besides, measuring vaccine-induced antibody response is also important to determine the time interval for the vaccine given to be detected by the body and for the response to occur. This is important as if a situation occur in which the body cannot response to vaccine in the expected time, another alternatives method or booster can be given to overcome the low response of antibody in the
a) Flow cytometry analysis
“Feline Panleukopenia (FP) is a highly contagious viral disease of cats caused by the Feline Parvovirus,” (American Veterinary Medical Association, 2013). This disease is a secondary infection that caused by the apoptosis of infected animal’s cells and reduces the expression of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2 ). The cells infected include cells in the bone marrow and cells lining the intestines. As a result of the destruction of white blood cells, the immune system of the infected animal is compromised and leads to the development …show more content…
Immunofluorescence technique combines the sensitivity and specificity of immunology with the precision of microscopy. There are two types or techniques of immunofluorescence that are direct and indirect immunofluorescence. In direct immunofluorescence, specific antibodies are conjugated with fluorescent compounds. The conjugated antiserum is added to tissues and thus fixed to the antigens. Unbound antibodies and non-antibody proteins are removed by washing and the preparation is observed in a fluorescence microscope. Meanwhile, indirect immunofluorescence, indirect fluorescence is a double antibody technique. The unlabeled antibodies which have bound to the antigens are visualized by a fluorescent antiglobulin reagent directed at the unlabeled …show more content…
Vaccines can stimulate the B and T cells immune response, but not necessary the response produced is sufficient and protective. To protect and reduce infection, antibodies must be functional in the sense of neutralization, opsonophagocytosis, binding to active sites of antigen and activation of complement. However, some vaccines are unable to perform these. After vaccination, most infections are prevented at particular level of response but some will occur above that level or lesser of that level due to some reasons including challenge in dose. Therefore, it is important to measure vaccine-induced antibody response to measure the protective level of the antibody response since the response give protection against infection. Host response to vaccination is evaluated based on a change in antibody titer that was compared between pre-vaccination and post-vaccination. Increased in antigen specific antibody value indicate in antibody production of the host in response to vaccination. Besides, measuring vaccine-induced antibody response is also important to determine the time interval for the vaccine given to be detected by the body and for the response to occur. This is important as if a situation occur in which the body cannot response to vaccine in the expected time, another alternatives method or booster can be given to overcome the low response of antibody in the