Four Regional Subdivisions Of The Mongol Empire
Fill in the Blank:
1. The __ Golden Horde__ was one of the four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after the death of Chinggis Khan and covered much of what is today south-central Russia.
2. One of the four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after Chinggis Khan’s death, the __ Ilkhan _ khanate eventually conquered much of the Abbasid Empire.
3. Prince __ Alexander Nevskii __ saved the city of Novgorod from the Mongols by submitting to Mongol demands.
4. ___ Prester John__ was the name given to a mythical, rich, and powerful Christian monarch whose kingdom had supposedly been cut off from Europe by the Muslim conquests.
5. ___ Hulegu ___, ruler of the Lichen khanate, was responsible for the capture and destruction of Baghdad.
6. The Mongols were finally defeated in the Middle East by the armies of the _ Mamluks ____, a slave dynasty of Egypt.
7. The influential wife of Kublai Khan, __ Chabi __, promoted the interests of Buddhists in China.
8. The most famous dramatic work of the Yuan period was Romance of the West Chamber, indicative of the continued literary vitality of China during …show more content…
Mongol rule.
9. Secret religious sects, such as the _ White Lotus Society_, were dedicated to the overthrow of the Yuan dynasty.
10. A man from an impoverished peasant family, __ Ju Yuanzhang__, emerged to found the Ming dynasty.
TRUE/FALSE. Write “T” if the statement is true and “F” if the statement is false.
True/False:
1) T
2) F
3) T
4) F
5) F
6) F
7) T
8) F
9) F
10) F
1. In what centuries did the Mongolian people establish kingdoms in north China?
Mongolian people began to establish kingdoms in north China in the 13th century. 2. Why were Mongolian men so well trained in hunting and war?
Mongolian males were trained in hunting and war to shape them into powerful warriors. Their training prepared them to be valuable assets to the Mongol armies whose harsh disciplinary methods created the invincible war machine. 3. If city inhabitants resisted the Mongols conquest what fate might they fall to?
If the inhabitants resisted the Mongols conquest, the Mongols would have their revenge. After overcoming a city’s protections, the nomads would not simply sack the city. They would ravage it in its entirety, murder the entire population, or else take survivors as slaves. Often these slaves would be used as a human shield when the Mongols fought in other wars.
4. Although he was a fierce warrior, Khan was a rather open and fair leader. Why do you believe he would do this?
Although he was a fierce warrior, Khan was a rather open and fair leader. Why do you believe he would do this?
Khan was an open and fair leader because he was open to new ideas and wanted to create a peaceful empire. Khan established a new capital in the steppes and helped create this capital by hiring people from all conquered regions. This shows how Khan was a fair leader, he had individuals from all regions helping build up the capital, it was based on talents and skills, not on who Khan might have liked best. Khan was seen as a fair leader because he used the knowledge of Muslim and Chinese bureaucrats to build an administrative structure for the empire. Mongol beliefs tolerated all religions. As said before, the main reason that Khan was a fair and open leader was because he wanted to create a peaceful empire, so all people were expected into the empire, no matter what religion. Peace was also brought to the empire through Mongolian language, and a legal code helped which helped end arguments. The Mongol conquests brought peace to much of Asia too.
5. What was established to end quarrels?
Chinggis Khan used knowledge of Muslim and Chinese bureaucrats to help create an administrative structure for the empire. Also, a script was devised for the Mongolian language, and to help end old quarrels, the Mongols established a legal code.
B. Greater Evaluation and understanding: Answer 5 of 8 thoroughly.
1. Evaluate how the Mongol conquests can be said to have brought an end to the postclassical civilizations in eastern Europe, western Europe, and Islam.
In eastern Europe, the conquests marked the end of Kievan dominance. The political balance shifted to Moscow as it took up chief resistance to Mongol rule. The religious center also moved to Moscow. The moves marked the beginning of Russian political centralization. For Byzantium, the Mongol conquests meant the opening of Ottoman dominance in Asia Minor and the eventual loss of Constantinople. The Mongol influence in western Europe had a limited direct effect as the conquest was quickly halted. An important indirect effect was facilitating transmission of the Black Death to western Europe. The conquests marked the end of the western European postclassical period: the opening of trade with the East marked the beginning of the aggressive Western commerce typical of the early modem period. For Islam, the conquests ended Abbasid and other minor dynastic rule. They opened the path for the political division of the Islamic heartland between the Ottomans and Mamluks. Mamluks: Muslim slave warriors; established dynasty in Egypt; led by Baibars; defeated Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260.
2. Appraise the proposition that the Mongol era was an extension of the incursions of nomadic peoples into the affairs of sedentary civilizations. In what sense was it a civilization in its own right?
Mongol khanates remained dependent on tribal organization and herding. Khanates: Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan. They attempted to maintain their separateness as a people with nomadic cultural patterns. Even in China under the Yuan dynasty, strict efforts were made to uphold cultural differences. Their control of trade was typical of nomadic incursions; so was the limited period of Yuan rule and use of cities. Chinggis Khan established a uniquely Mongol administration for an empire based on such Islamic and Chinese precedents as: a universal legal code, adoption of a Mongol script, maintenance of empire-wide peace, promotion of commerce and travel.
3. Describe the nature of the military organization established by Chinggis Khan.
Mongol males were trained from youth to ride, hunt, and fight. Their powerful short bows, fired from horseback, were devastating weapons. The speed and mobility of Mongol armies made them the world’s best. The armies, divided into fighting units of 10,000 (tumens), included both heavy and light cavalry. Harsh discipline, enforced through a formal code, brought punishments and rewards for conduct. Another unit, employing spies, secured accurate information for campaigns. New weapons, including gunpowder and cannons, were used.
4. Describe the nature of the administration of the Mongol empire under Chinggis Khan.
The administration of the Mongol empire under Chinggis Khan helped established a new capital in the steppes at Karakorum. Khan used Muslim and Chinese bureaucrats to build an administrative structure for the empire. Using the Mongolian language, a legal code was created too. Due to the Mongol conquests, peace was brought to much of Asia, meaning the empire. In central areas, urbans centers, artisans and scholars freely worked. Commerce expanded rapidley along the secure trade networks.
5. Trace the effect of the Mongol conquest of Russia and Islamic heartlands.
The effect of the Mongol conquest of Russia and Islamic lands was first caused by the Mongol drive to the West.
When the Mongolian armies of the Golden Horde started to move west, by the 13th century, Kiev was in a period of decline and Russia was divided into small kingdoms. These Russian kingdoms were unable to unite and create a large army before the Mongols came to attack and conquer their land. Batu, Chinggis Khan’s grandson, invaded in 1236 and defeated Russian armies (after being taken over, the Russians became vassals of the Khan of the Golden Horde). Also the Mongols were mostly negative, Mongol occupation was important to Russia. This is shown through the influence of military and political organization. But most importantly, the Mongols isolated Russia from developments in western European civilization; like the Renaissance and the
Reformation.
For the effect of the Mongol conquests of Islam, the Mongols first moved westward against Mesopotamia and North Africa. Soon, Baghdad was destroyed in 1258 by the Mongols. With the decline of the Abbasid dynasty, Islam had lost most of its authority. A big Mongol victory was when they defeated the Seljuk Turks in 1243 at Asia Minor. Although the Islam people were faced more and more with threats to be overruled, this included the conversion of the khan of the Golden Horde to Islam.
1. The __ Golden Horde__ was one of the four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after the death of Chinggis Khan and covered much of what is today south-central Russia.
2. One of the four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after Chinggis Khan’s death, the __ Ilkhan _ khanate eventually conquered much of the Abbasid Empire.
3. Prince __ Alexander Nevskii __ saved the city of Novgorod from the Mongols by submitting to Mongol demands.
4. ___ Prester John__ was the name given to a mythical, rich, and powerful Christian monarch whose kingdom had supposedly been cut off from Europe by the Muslim conquests.
5. ___ Hulegu ___, ruler of the Lichen khanate, was responsible for the capture and destruction of Baghdad.
6. The Mongols were finally defeated in the Middle East by the armies of the _ Mamluks ____, a slave dynasty of Egypt.
7. The influential wife of Kublai Khan, __ Chabi __, promoted the interests of Buddhists in China.
8. The most famous dramatic work of the Yuan period was Romance of the West Chamber, indicative of the continued literary vitality of China during …show more content…
Mongol rule.
9. Secret religious sects, such as the _ White Lotus Society_, were dedicated to the overthrow of the Yuan dynasty.
10. A man from an impoverished peasant family, __ Ju Yuanzhang__, emerged to found the Ming dynasty.
TRUE/FALSE. Write “T” if the statement is true and “F” if the statement is false.
True/False:
1) T
2) F
3) T
4) F
5) F
6) F
7) T
8) F
9) F
10) F
1. In what centuries did the Mongolian people establish kingdoms in north China?
Mongolian people began to establish kingdoms in north China in the 13th century. 2. Why were Mongolian men so well trained in hunting and war?
Mongolian males were trained in hunting and war to shape them into powerful warriors. Their training prepared them to be valuable assets to the Mongol armies whose harsh disciplinary methods created the invincible war machine. 3. If city inhabitants resisted the Mongols conquest what fate might they fall to?
If the inhabitants resisted the Mongols conquest, the Mongols would have their revenge. After overcoming a city’s protections, the nomads would not simply sack the city. They would ravage it in its entirety, murder the entire population, or else take survivors as slaves. Often these slaves would be used as a human shield when the Mongols fought in other wars.
4. Although he was a fierce warrior, Khan was a rather open and fair leader. Why do you believe he would do this?
Although he was a fierce warrior, Khan was a rather open and fair leader. Why do you believe he would do this?
Khan was an open and fair leader because he was open to new ideas and wanted to create a peaceful empire. Khan established a new capital in the steppes and helped create this capital by hiring people from all conquered regions. This shows how Khan was a fair leader, he had individuals from all regions helping build up the capital, it was based on talents and skills, not on who Khan might have liked best. Khan was seen as a fair leader because he used the knowledge of Muslim and Chinese bureaucrats to build an administrative structure for the empire. Mongol beliefs tolerated all religions. As said before, the main reason that Khan was a fair and open leader was because he wanted to create a peaceful empire, so all people were expected into the empire, no matter what religion. Peace was also brought to the empire through Mongolian language, and a legal code helped which helped end arguments. The Mongol conquests brought peace to much of Asia too.
5. What was established to end quarrels?
Chinggis Khan used knowledge of Muslim and Chinese bureaucrats to help create an administrative structure for the empire. Also, a script was devised for the Mongolian language, and to help end old quarrels, the Mongols established a legal code.
B. Greater Evaluation and understanding: Answer 5 of 8 thoroughly.
1. Evaluate how the Mongol conquests can be said to have brought an end to the postclassical civilizations in eastern Europe, western Europe, and Islam.
In eastern Europe, the conquests marked the end of Kievan dominance. The political balance shifted to Moscow as it took up chief resistance to Mongol rule. The religious center also moved to Moscow. The moves marked the beginning of Russian political centralization. For Byzantium, the Mongol conquests meant the opening of Ottoman dominance in Asia Minor and the eventual loss of Constantinople. The Mongol influence in western Europe had a limited direct effect as the conquest was quickly halted. An important indirect effect was facilitating transmission of the Black Death to western Europe. The conquests marked the end of the western European postclassical period: the opening of trade with the East marked the beginning of the aggressive Western commerce typical of the early modem period. For Islam, the conquests ended Abbasid and other minor dynastic rule. They opened the path for the political division of the Islamic heartland between the Ottomans and Mamluks. Mamluks: Muslim slave warriors; established dynasty in Egypt; led by Baibars; defeated Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260.
2. Appraise the proposition that the Mongol era was an extension of the incursions of nomadic peoples into the affairs of sedentary civilizations. In what sense was it a civilization in its own right?
Mongol khanates remained dependent on tribal organization and herding. Khanates: Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan. They attempted to maintain their separateness as a people with nomadic cultural patterns. Even in China under the Yuan dynasty, strict efforts were made to uphold cultural differences. Their control of trade was typical of nomadic incursions; so was the limited period of Yuan rule and use of cities. Chinggis Khan established a uniquely Mongol administration for an empire based on such Islamic and Chinese precedents as: a universal legal code, adoption of a Mongol script, maintenance of empire-wide peace, promotion of commerce and travel.
3. Describe the nature of the military organization established by Chinggis Khan.
Mongol males were trained from youth to ride, hunt, and fight. Their powerful short bows, fired from horseback, were devastating weapons. The speed and mobility of Mongol armies made them the world’s best. The armies, divided into fighting units of 10,000 (tumens), included both heavy and light cavalry. Harsh discipline, enforced through a formal code, brought punishments and rewards for conduct. Another unit, employing spies, secured accurate information for campaigns. New weapons, including gunpowder and cannons, were used.
4. Describe the nature of the administration of the Mongol empire under Chinggis Khan.
The administration of the Mongol empire under Chinggis Khan helped established a new capital in the steppes at Karakorum. Khan used Muslim and Chinese bureaucrats to build an administrative structure for the empire. Using the Mongolian language, a legal code was created too. Due to the Mongol conquests, peace was brought to much of Asia, meaning the empire. In central areas, urbans centers, artisans and scholars freely worked. Commerce expanded rapidley along the secure trade networks.
5. Trace the effect of the Mongol conquest of Russia and Islamic heartlands.
The effect of the Mongol conquest of Russia and Islamic lands was first caused by the Mongol drive to the West.
When the Mongolian armies of the Golden Horde started to move west, by the 13th century, Kiev was in a period of decline and Russia was divided into small kingdoms. These Russian kingdoms were unable to unite and create a large army before the Mongols came to attack and conquer their land. Batu, Chinggis Khan’s grandson, invaded in 1236 and defeated Russian armies (after being taken over, the Russians became vassals of the Khan of the Golden Horde). Also the Mongols were mostly negative, Mongol occupation was important to Russia. This is shown through the influence of military and political organization. But most importantly, the Mongols isolated Russia from developments in western European civilization; like the Renaissance and the
Reformation.
For the effect of the Mongol conquests of Islam, the Mongols first moved westward against Mesopotamia and North Africa. Soon, Baghdad was destroyed in 1258 by the Mongols. With the decline of the Abbasid dynasty, Islam had lost most of its authority. A big Mongol victory was when they defeated the Seljuk Turks in 1243 at Asia Minor. Although the Islam people were faced more and more with threats to be overruled, this included the conversion of the khan of the Golden Horde to Islam.