Psychoanalysis theory first came to be around the late 1800’s, discovered by the renowned theorist Sigmund Freud, also known as the father of the theory. Freud was born in Moravia in 1856; he studied under Charcot in Paris for a while, eventually starting a private practice in Vienna, being forced to leave by the Nazis, because he was Jewish. His concept developed from people who were considered to be hysteric, being burnt and ridiculed, because they were seen as lazy and deviant. Later on in the 19th century, theorists began to grasp an understanding of the mental illness and termed it as neuropathology, which evolved into Psychoanalysis. This theory sought to treat mental disorders by investigating interactions amongst the conscious and…
To Freud, the mind was a mechanistic energy system that derived mental energy from the physical functioning of the body and constantly attempted to moderate this physical effort or tension by restoring it to a quiet steady (quiescent) state. This energy is not evenly distributed to all human purpose or functioning, and if blocked from expression will manifest itself as anxiety, which through cathartic release, prescribes a least resistant path of action. Because anxiety is painful, the mind attempts to cope with this state through a range of defence mechanisms that alter reality and supress feelings that stimulate this state. The mind and its energies (derived from drives or…
Sigmund Freud is one of the most famous name in psychology.Many expressions of our daily life come from Freud’s theories of psychoanalysis: unconscious, denial and control. Freud believes that there are three level of consciousness: unconscious which exists outside of your awareness, next is pre conscious one which includes all information that you are not currently aware of it, finally the conscious one which is your current state of awareness. He believed that events in our childhood can have a remarkable influence on our behaviour as adult. He believed that, our behaviour is affected by our childhood experiences. It means that psychodynamic is about two major aspects: subconscious and our past. It can be seen that past…
Among Freud, Jung, and Adler, Freud is indisputably the most towering monolith. It was Freud's pioneering use of the term "the I" "das Ich" in his native German, which was then translated into the Latin "ego" that brought "ego" into common parlance and popular interest to the process of self-consciousness. Adler's school of psychology, which he called "Individual Psychology," was based on the idea of the indivisibility of the personality. His most significant divergence from Freud's premises was his belief that it was crucial to view the human being as a whole not as a conglomeration of mechanisms, drives or dynamic parts. And in contrast to most psychological thinking of the time, Adler believed that, fundamentally, human beings are self-determined.…
Sigmund Freud was a philosopher and psychologist. When he was young he was interested in science. He first started in medical practices and then transferred over to treat victims of traumatic effects. Over the course of a few years, Sigmund started to produce books about his theories developing a following (Diamond).…
The therapeutic frame refers to the fundamental guidelines within which psychotherapy is conducted. Psychodynamic therapists are especially concerned with formulating the therapeutic frame to create a predictable and safe psychological and physical space for conducting therapy (Howard, 2009). It is imperative to have this space in counselling as it has been proven to optimise the conditions for the client to come to touch with his/her internal world, thus, enabling emergence of the transference relationship (Corsini, Wedding & Dumont, 2008). By establishing the frame with clients, psychotherapists essentially set out a therapeutic contract so that when they or their clients deviate from the so formed contract, they can remain open in thinking out and understanding the deviation.…
The breadth and diversity of psychology can be seen by looking as some of its best known thinkers. While each theorist may have been part of an overriding school of thought, each brought a unique and individual voice and perspective to the field of psychology. A study that appeared in the July 2002 issue of the “Review of General Psychology” created a ranking of the 99 most influential psychologists. The rankings were mostly based on three factors: the frequency of journal citations, introductory textbook citations, and the survey responses of 1,725 members of the American Psychological Association. (About.com, 2015)…
This understanding provides the key to both psychodynamic theory and practice in that present experiences and feelings can only be understood in relation to those of the past. This is reflected within the current relationship between counsellor and client which is exploring experiences, events and feelings in the conscious and working to bring those suppressed experiences from the unconscious to the conscious.…
Article, “The Role of Attachment Functions in Psychotherapy” by Jeremy Spiegel M.D., Sally K. Severiono M.D., Nancy K. Morrison M.D.…
It is believed that transference and counter-transference may have important impact on the ability to effectively counsel someone. The professional definition of transference refers to redirection of a client's feelings from a significant person to a therapist (Dot 2008). This indicates that transference occurs when a client’s emotion are connected to a therapist. Some examples, of transference included a client who struggles with anxiety and social isolation may lead to the therapist being central in a client’s life, or a client who has difficulty depending on others may find themselves feeling jealous towards their therapist without realizing there is a connection between these feelings and the therapist's upcoming vacation. The professional…
It is Friday night. Hank is sitting in his apartment eating a pint of Ben and Jerry’s Cherry Garcia ice cream and contemplating this past week, which has been stressful. He is five feet six inches tall and weighs 250 pounds. Today he saw a therapist about his weight for the first time, something he had been considering after yet another woman decided not to continue a relationship with him. After just two dates, Sally told Hank they should not see each other anymore because they were incompatible.…
Transference and counter transference is one of most important aspects of treatment between patient and practitioner. In a clinical setting we do not always have the opportunity to have consecutive treatments with the same patient and as a result may not be able to acknowledge or notice these occurrences. It is not often that I have the opportunity to see a patient on a regular basis or even twice for that matter. As a result, it is not possible for me to notice or recognize any transference that the patient my have towards me. At times however, I clearly know the impose counter-transference & boundaries issues which patient and I experience.…
In this paper, we intend to analyze the psychic functioning of Mary, a woman who was sexually abused by her father, and the transfero-countertransferential movements within the clinical relationship (Price, 1994). Indeed, beyond a stringent understanding of psychic scars…
The psychoanalytic model of transference focuses on a phenomenon that a client redirects the past thoughts, feelings, and behaviors with significant others onto the therapist, the therapist utilizes this process to alter one’s maladaptive relational patterns (Miranda & Andersen, 2007). The concept of transference is useful outside psychiatry, there is a social-cognitive of transference in a business context that focuses on the mental representations of the past of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors with significant others yet onto the new person, which thought to be chronically accessible. Prior research demonstrates that such parent-child relational identity will be projected onto the later mental representation of one’s leader-subordinate…
Instead, she laughed uncomfortably as a habit, wanted to disagree with the counselor but unwilling to do this directly. However, as counseling process progressed, Maria improved in her ability to express feelings towards the counselor. The counselor encouraged her open expression of emotions in the moment, but she still struggled to feel that it was safe enough in the relationship to do so. Here the goal of counseling in attachment terms was to provide her an environment that fosters attunement, and is secure enough “to cope with relevant protest” (Holmes, p. 49). The therapeutic goals were to provide a space where Maria felt being understood and heard, and also to provide a relationship in which Maria’s appropriate and ‘‘relevant protests’’ could be voiced. In the context of such conditions, Maria’s attachment strategies could become more secure and her internal working model might begin to…