Girding For War: The North And The South 1861-1865
Name Mrwan Otman_
Chapter 20 “Girding for War: The North and the South 1861-1865”
I. the menace of secession
A. What were the key assertions Lincoln voiced in his inaugural address of March, 1861?
He said splitting the country up is not possible because geographic reasons.
B. If/when the South seceded, what issued remained unresolved?
How much national debt would the south take if they left? What would happen to runaway slaves? Europe would be happy if US split up and became weak, was the US going to allow that.
C. Why were the European nations delighted at the prospect of Civil War in America?
Europeans were happy for the outlook of the civil war, Europe always wanted to see the US become weak and divide.
II. South Carolina Assails Fort Sumter
A. Upon …show more content…
secession, what did the South seize control of?
Fort Sumter
B. As Fort Sumter (on an island just off the coast of Charleston, SC) remained under Union control, facing a siege from Confederate troops, and dwindling in supplies, Lincoln was faced with what two options?
They would have to resupply their selves or give up and go to Confederacy.
C. What did Lincoln ultimately decide to do and how did the Confederacy view his action?
President Lincon sent a supplies ship to Fort Sumter, Before this ship arrived, the southerners attacked Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861, the war had begun.
D. Before the attack on Fort Sumter, many Northerners were willing to peacefully cut ties with the South. Why did their view change, though, after the attack on Fort Sumter? The Southerners would just attack if threatened no questions asked.
E. As Lincoln called for the enlistment of Union soldiers, how did the South respond?
Lincoln's actions encouraged 4 more states (Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina) to pull out and join the Deep South.
III. Brothers’ blood and border blood
A. Which states were included in the “crucial border states”? Why were these states so important?
Missouri, Kentucky, and Maryland. They were very important for both sides, because they increased the southern population and their industry.
B. Why did Lincoln publicly insist that he was fighting for the preservation of the Union, NOT for the freedom of slaves?
He knew that if he chose to fight to end slavery that could scare the Border States.
C. How did Native Americans in the West (esp. relocated Creeks, Chickasaws, Choctaw, etc) join in the conflict?
The "Five Civilized Tribes" of the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole usually fought with the South. Some of the Plains Indians supported the North.
D. How and why did the Union benefit from disunity within the Confederate states?
The Union benefitted from disunity within the confederate states, because slaves added 300,000 soldiers to the union, and the Mountain Whites sent 50,000 men to the North.
E. Did the Civil War really divide families? Yes because West Virginia" bust away on the North's side.
IV. The balance of forces
A. What is the difference between an “offensive war” and a “defensive war”?
The defensive war is fought within the interior lines, and the offensive is fought on the front line of the interior lines.
B. Describe the various advantages of the Confederacy.
Confederacy only had to defend their land; they didn’t have to worry about fighting for new land.
Fighting to draw would mean southern victory. The land that they were fighting on was known, and was for the southerners. Leadership was the south’s greatest advantage. At the top were Gen. Robert E. Lee and Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson. They proved to be above Northern generals. The South had a military tradition that made many fine officers of low rank.
C. What disadvantages did the Confederacy have to overcome in order to win the war? They needed money and cotton was their only source of income to buy supplies. North had a naval blockade to stop this plan.
D. What advantages did the North enjoy at the start of the war?
Popular sovenrghty favored the North over the South a 3:1 ratio.
Industry was north. Resources, mostly iron were in the North.
The North had most of the railroads, the U.S. navy, and more money than the South.
E. What were the disadvantages of the North?
They were fighting on land that they were familiar with.
V. dethroning king cotton
A. Describe foreign support for and opposition to the Confederate cause. Who supported it? Who opposed it? Why?
The south planned to get help from the European nations but most of them opposed it because of the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
B. Why was the Southern supply of cotton, which fed textile mills in Europe, not able to persuade Europe to join the Confederate cause?
England had other sources of cotton in India and Egypt. They'd saved the extra and so they weren't as "cotton-needy" as believed.
C. How did agriculture in the North further discourage Europe from siding with the Confederacy?
The north had gained respect from Europe by sending them food during the war. South’s cash crop cotton was taken over by the North’s wheat.
VI. the decisiveness of diplomacy
A. What was the “Trent Affair” and how did it nearly open an international door to the Civil War
Trent affair" illustrated the diplomatic trickiness of the day.
A (Northern) ship was stopped by the British ship Trent in Cuba took 2 Southerners.
England (and the South) were furious and demanded their discharge.
Lincoln had time to cool off and unconfined the Confederates saying, "One war at a time.
B. What role did Britain playing in building the Confederacy’s navy? What was the Alabama?
The British were planning to build raider ships for the South.
The raiders were cut short (with the resistance led by Charles Francis Adams) as they were being built. The fear was that it might back fire . Still, it shows they wanted to help the south even if they didn’t follow through.
VII. Foreign flare-ups
A. What two great nations emerged in the wake of the Civil War?
B. What aggressive actions did France take in Mexico, expecting the US was too preoccupied with Civil War to enforce the Monroe Doctrine?
Emperor Napoleon III had set up a puppet government in Mexico City.
VIII. President Davis vs. President Lincoln
A. What deadly defect was an inherent part of the Confederate Constitution?
The south had confederacy problems with its gov’t. That meant it wasn’t really united. Any state, at any time, could secede.
B. In what ways did Lincoln prove to be a more capable statesman than Jefferson Davis?
President Jefferson Davis wasn’t popular. He was a business man, stubborn, and physically a workaholic. But, he was the head of a stable government and seemed to relax more as time went on.
IX.
Limitations on wartime liberties: What aggressive and occasionally unconstitutional actions did Lincoln take in an effort to win the war?
(a) increased the size of the Army, (b) sent $2 million to 3 private citizens for military purposes, (c) suspended habeas corpus so arrests could be made easily, (d) "monitored" Border State elections so the vote would turn out his way and (e) declared martial law in Maryland.
X. volunteers and draftees: North and South
A. What was the Conscription Law and who was most severely affected by it?
Their plan was to use volunteers. As the war continued and men died, enthusiasm also died. A military draft was started in the North and South to draft soldiers.
Congress allowed the rich to buy their way out for $300. That meant a poor people would have to fill those shoes. The north was mostly affected by having more poor people and men there.
B. How did Southerners avoid the draft?
The South had fewer men so they went to the draft earliest. The rich were also exempted under the South (those with 20+ slaves) "a rich man's war but a poor man's fight.
XI. Economic stresses of war
A. How did the Union pay for the
war?
U.S expected more so they passed the Morrill Tariff Act that raised the tariff 5 to 10%. The Treasury Department printed $450 in paper money. The money was not effectively backed by gold, thus creating inflation, at one point worth only 39 cents on the dollar.
B. What economic problems did the South face during the war?
The Unions naval blockade protected the South. It stopped exports of cotton (so no more income), and it cut off customs.
Inflation was crazy. It went up an estimated 9,000% down South compared to an 80% increase up North.
XII. The North’s economic boom
A. Why did the Northern economy flourish during a war? New technology benefited production. Standard cloth sizes were born. Mechanical reapers harvested most crops. Oil was found in Pennsylvania.
B. The Civil War was not simply a man’s war. Describe the role of women in the Civil War.
Women took on absent men during war time.
Some women posed as men and enlisted to fight in the military
XIII. A crushed cotton kingdom:
How did the war ultimately devastate the Southern economy?
The Southern economy was stunned. Before the war, Southerners owned 30% of the nation's wealth, after the war, it was down to 12%. Before the war, Southerners made 67% of Northern wages, after the war it was down to 40%.
Chapter 20 “Girding for War: The North and the South 1861-1865”
I. the menace of secession
A. What were the key assertions Lincoln voiced in his inaugural address of March, 1861?
He said splitting the country up is not possible because geographic reasons.
B. If/when the South seceded, what issued remained unresolved?
How much national debt would the south take if they left? What would happen to runaway slaves? Europe would be happy if US split up and became weak, was the US going to allow that.
C. Why were the European nations delighted at the prospect of Civil War in America?
Europeans were happy for the outlook of the civil war, Europe always wanted to see the US become weak and divide.
II. South Carolina Assails Fort Sumter
A. Upon …show more content…
secession, what did the South seize control of?
Fort Sumter
B. As Fort Sumter (on an island just off the coast of Charleston, SC) remained under Union control, facing a siege from Confederate troops, and dwindling in supplies, Lincoln was faced with what two options?
They would have to resupply their selves or give up and go to Confederacy.
C. What did Lincoln ultimately decide to do and how did the Confederacy view his action?
President Lincon sent a supplies ship to Fort Sumter, Before this ship arrived, the southerners attacked Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861, the war had begun.
D. Before the attack on Fort Sumter, many Northerners were willing to peacefully cut ties with the South. Why did their view change, though, after the attack on Fort Sumter? The Southerners would just attack if threatened no questions asked.
E. As Lincoln called for the enlistment of Union soldiers, how did the South respond?
Lincoln's actions encouraged 4 more states (Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina) to pull out and join the Deep South.
III. Brothers’ blood and border blood
A. Which states were included in the “crucial border states”? Why were these states so important?
Missouri, Kentucky, and Maryland. They were very important for both sides, because they increased the southern population and their industry.
B. Why did Lincoln publicly insist that he was fighting for the preservation of the Union, NOT for the freedom of slaves?
He knew that if he chose to fight to end slavery that could scare the Border States.
C. How did Native Americans in the West (esp. relocated Creeks, Chickasaws, Choctaw, etc) join in the conflict?
The "Five Civilized Tribes" of the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole usually fought with the South. Some of the Plains Indians supported the North.
D. How and why did the Union benefit from disunity within the Confederate states?
The Union benefitted from disunity within the confederate states, because slaves added 300,000 soldiers to the union, and the Mountain Whites sent 50,000 men to the North.
E. Did the Civil War really divide families? Yes because West Virginia" bust away on the North's side.
IV. The balance of forces
A. What is the difference between an “offensive war” and a “defensive war”?
The defensive war is fought within the interior lines, and the offensive is fought on the front line of the interior lines.
B. Describe the various advantages of the Confederacy.
Confederacy only had to defend their land; they didn’t have to worry about fighting for new land.
Fighting to draw would mean southern victory. The land that they were fighting on was known, and was for the southerners. Leadership was the south’s greatest advantage. At the top were Gen. Robert E. Lee and Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson. They proved to be above Northern generals. The South had a military tradition that made many fine officers of low rank.
C. What disadvantages did the Confederacy have to overcome in order to win the war? They needed money and cotton was their only source of income to buy supplies. North had a naval blockade to stop this plan.
D. What advantages did the North enjoy at the start of the war?
Popular sovenrghty favored the North over the South a 3:1 ratio.
Industry was north. Resources, mostly iron were in the North.
The North had most of the railroads, the U.S. navy, and more money than the South.
E. What were the disadvantages of the North?
They were fighting on land that they were familiar with.
V. dethroning king cotton
A. Describe foreign support for and opposition to the Confederate cause. Who supported it? Who opposed it? Why?
The south planned to get help from the European nations but most of them opposed it because of the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
B. Why was the Southern supply of cotton, which fed textile mills in Europe, not able to persuade Europe to join the Confederate cause?
England had other sources of cotton in India and Egypt. They'd saved the extra and so they weren't as "cotton-needy" as believed.
C. How did agriculture in the North further discourage Europe from siding with the Confederacy?
The north had gained respect from Europe by sending them food during the war. South’s cash crop cotton was taken over by the North’s wheat.
VI. the decisiveness of diplomacy
A. What was the “Trent Affair” and how did it nearly open an international door to the Civil War
Trent affair" illustrated the diplomatic trickiness of the day.
A (Northern) ship was stopped by the British ship Trent in Cuba took 2 Southerners.
England (and the South) were furious and demanded their discharge.
Lincoln had time to cool off and unconfined the Confederates saying, "One war at a time.
B. What role did Britain playing in building the Confederacy’s navy? What was the Alabama?
The British were planning to build raider ships for the South.
The raiders were cut short (with the resistance led by Charles Francis Adams) as they were being built. The fear was that it might back fire . Still, it shows they wanted to help the south even if they didn’t follow through.
VII. Foreign flare-ups
A. What two great nations emerged in the wake of the Civil War?
B. What aggressive actions did France take in Mexico, expecting the US was too preoccupied with Civil War to enforce the Monroe Doctrine?
Emperor Napoleon III had set up a puppet government in Mexico City.
VIII. President Davis vs. President Lincoln
A. What deadly defect was an inherent part of the Confederate Constitution?
The south had confederacy problems with its gov’t. That meant it wasn’t really united. Any state, at any time, could secede.
B. In what ways did Lincoln prove to be a more capable statesman than Jefferson Davis?
President Jefferson Davis wasn’t popular. He was a business man, stubborn, and physically a workaholic. But, he was the head of a stable government and seemed to relax more as time went on.
IX.
Limitations on wartime liberties: What aggressive and occasionally unconstitutional actions did Lincoln take in an effort to win the war?
(a) increased the size of the Army, (b) sent $2 million to 3 private citizens for military purposes, (c) suspended habeas corpus so arrests could be made easily, (d) "monitored" Border State elections so the vote would turn out his way and (e) declared martial law in Maryland.
X. volunteers and draftees: North and South
A. What was the Conscription Law and who was most severely affected by it?
Their plan was to use volunteers. As the war continued and men died, enthusiasm also died. A military draft was started in the North and South to draft soldiers.
Congress allowed the rich to buy their way out for $300. That meant a poor people would have to fill those shoes. The north was mostly affected by having more poor people and men there.
B. How did Southerners avoid the draft?
The South had fewer men so they went to the draft earliest. The rich were also exempted under the South (those with 20+ slaves) "a rich man's war but a poor man's fight.
XI. Economic stresses of war
A. How did the Union pay for the
war?
U.S expected more so they passed the Morrill Tariff Act that raised the tariff 5 to 10%. The Treasury Department printed $450 in paper money. The money was not effectively backed by gold, thus creating inflation, at one point worth only 39 cents on the dollar.
B. What economic problems did the South face during the war?
The Unions naval blockade protected the South. It stopped exports of cotton (so no more income), and it cut off customs.
Inflation was crazy. It went up an estimated 9,000% down South compared to an 80% increase up North.
XII. The North’s economic boom
A. Why did the Northern economy flourish during a war? New technology benefited production. Standard cloth sizes were born. Mechanical reapers harvested most crops. Oil was found in Pennsylvania.
B. The Civil War was not simply a man’s war. Describe the role of women in the Civil War.
Women took on absent men during war time.
Some women posed as men and enlisted to fight in the military
XIII. A crushed cotton kingdom:
How did the war ultimately devastate the Southern economy?
The Southern economy was stunned. Before the war, Southerners owned 30% of the nation's wealth, after the war, it was down to 12%. Before the war, Southerners made 67% of Northern wages, after the war it was down to 40%.