Grade 10 Science Review
GRADE 10 SCIENCE REVIEW: TDSB CANADA
CHEMISTRY – chapters 5,6,7
1. Physical Properties: can be observed without changing the composition. i.e colour, density, taste, smell, boiling point. Chemical Properties: cannot be observed without changing the composition i.e combustability, corrosiveness Qualitative Properties: word descriptions Quantitative: numerical mesurements. Signs of chemical reaction: 1. colour change 2. new gas (bubbling or new smell) 3. new shape 4. releases heat or light 5. precipitate forms (solid)
4. Periods: Horizontal rows (7) Groups: vertical columns (18) elements in the first period have one shell, second period= 2 shells, etc. Metals: solid, shiny, malleable, good conductors (nickle ni) Nonmetals: can be solid, liquid or gas
Families: Noble Gases: very stable and unreactive. Do not ordinarily form compounds. Halogens: reactive nonmetals. React with metals to form salt (table salt NaCl) Alkali Metals: Extremely reactive with water and air Alkaline Earth Metals: Commonly react with oxygen to form oxide compounds
5.5 Ions: Atoms that have gained or lost electrons are called ions
Electrons in the valence shell are gained or lost to become more stable Cations: Positively charged ions (Electrons < Protons) Anions: Negatively charged ions (Electrons > Protons)
Protons: Are not gained or lost in normal chemical reactions Neutrons: Found in every nucleus except Hydrogen, are not gained or lost in normal chemical reactions, Help stabilize nucleus Electrons: Get transferred or shared between atoms in normal chemical reactions, Move around nucleus in nearly circular paths called orbits
* Number of protons = atomic number / Number of neutrons = mass-atomic number / protons plus charge = electrons
5.11 Ionic Compounds: metals are named normally, and nonmetals are named ending in “ide”. i.e magnesium chloride Molecular compounds: prefixes are used. 1- mono 2-di 3-tri 4-tetra 5-penta
CHEMISTRY – chapters 5,6,7
1. Physical Properties: can be observed without changing the composition. i.e colour, density, taste, smell, boiling point. Chemical Properties: cannot be observed without changing the composition i.e combustability, corrosiveness Qualitative Properties: word descriptions Quantitative: numerical mesurements. Signs of chemical reaction: 1. colour change 2. new gas (bubbling or new smell) 3. new shape 4. releases heat or light 5. precipitate forms (solid)
4. Periods: Horizontal rows (7) Groups: vertical columns (18) elements in the first period have one shell, second period= 2 shells, etc. Metals: solid, shiny, malleable, good conductors (nickle ni) Nonmetals: can be solid, liquid or gas
Families: Noble Gases: very stable and unreactive. Do not ordinarily form compounds. Halogens: reactive nonmetals. React with metals to form salt (table salt NaCl) Alkali Metals: Extremely reactive with water and air Alkaline Earth Metals: Commonly react with oxygen to form oxide compounds
5.5 Ions: Atoms that have gained or lost electrons are called ions
Electrons in the valence shell are gained or lost to become more stable Cations: Positively charged ions (Electrons < Protons) Anions: Negatively charged ions (Electrons > Protons)
Protons: Are not gained or lost in normal chemical reactions Neutrons: Found in every nucleus except Hydrogen, are not gained or lost in normal chemical reactions, Help stabilize nucleus Electrons: Get transferred or shared between atoms in normal chemical reactions, Move around nucleus in nearly circular paths called orbits
* Number of protons = atomic number / Number of neutrons = mass-atomic number / protons plus charge = electrons
5.11 Ionic Compounds: metals are named normally, and nonmetals are named ending in “ide”. i.e magnesium chloride Molecular compounds: prefixes are used. 1- mono 2-di 3-tri 4-tetra 5-penta