Female offenders that enter into the correctional system in Canada do so with an entirely different set of risk factors than their male counterparts. Through comparisons and contrasting of facts, this paper will set out to identify the issues correctional services in Canada face when dealing with female offenders entering into the system. For example, female offenders that end up in the corrections system experience much different lives than males do; such as one in four women being identified as having mental health issues upon their entry into the system. In addition to mental health issues, the majority of women in prison have experienced some sort of abuse and, or, trauma at one point in their life (Public Safety Canada, 2010). Although males experience abuse, trauma and many suffer from mental health they are brought into the corrections system with a certain framework that is specialized and formulated to rehabilitate and reintegrate a male offender back into society. This gender specialization works well for the disproportionally high number of male offenders but leads to several short comings when working with women in the same system (Wright, Salisbury, & Van Voorhis, 2007). “For too long women have been boxed in by a grid-like structure which is dominated by visions of male criminality. It is time that the gender realities which dominate the lives of many females are integrated into the assumptions underlying the guidelines.” (Wald, 2001). This quote explains that women have very different needs upon sentencing and in order for a sentence to be successful in preventing recidivism and producing a motivated individual in society upon release; these needs cannot be ignored or addressed by using the same correctional philosophy as a sentenced male. Comparing the “risk/needs model” for men and women plus the lack of gender…
Bureau of Justice Statistics. (1988). Report to the nation on crime and justice (2nd Ed.). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.…
Some forms of violence carried out by individuals includes rape, domestic violence, sexual harassment, coercive use of contraceptives, female infanticide, honor killings,…
African-American women continue to be sorely in need of an anti-rape to have this matter changed. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, 13.6% of the population self-identified as African-American (Rastogi, Johnson, Hoeffel, & Drewery, 2011). African-American women reported substantial rates of criminal and sexual victimization, including rape and violence. Specifically, 18.8% of African-American women in the National Violence Against Women Survey and 22% of African-American women in the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey reported a lifetime rape (Rastogi, Johnson, Hoeffel, & Drewery, 2011). These prevalence rates translate to an estimated 3.1 million African-American rape victims.…
Introduction to class: Imagine a criminal. Without even thinking about it, I am sure the majority of you pictured a male. You all have good reason to do so, considering the overwhelming majority of criminals are male. However, there are female criminals and my presentation is going to highlight the differences between male and female offenders, regarding types of crimes committed, their motives, with a comparison of male vs. female serial killers and sex offenders, differences in sentencing, and the differences of mental disorders among male and female inmates. I will also highlight the gender differences of employment in America’s criminal justice system.…
Moving on from drug offences and simple assaults to implications for juvenile females and minorities this is also an issue that seems to be growing by the year. Law enforcement agencies made 645,000 estimated arrests of females under the age of 18 in 2001, between 1992 and 2001 the arrests of juvenile females generally increased more than the male category. The racial composition of the juvenile population in 2001 was 78% white, 17% black, 4% Asian/ Pacific Islander, and 1% American Indian. Most Hispanics were classified as white in contrast to their representation in the population, black youth were overrepresented in juvenile arrests for violent crimes, and to a lesser extent, property crimes of all juvenile for violent…
1994 – Violence against women act – victims of gender based crimes can sue attackers…
“Federal law defines a hate crime as whenever the victim is attacked on the basis of his or her race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation or gender; hate offenses are directed against members of a particular group simply because of their membership in that group” (Levin & McDebitt, 1993). Hate crimes have been around for far too long. The first hate crime that was ever documented was in 1922, and that was just the first time that it was documented. Hate crimes were most likely going on long before this incident took place in Louisiana. The FBI encountered a rising in the Ku Klux Klan; it was a white supremacies movement. Two people were kidnapped and murdered and there were thousands of other people who received threats. The Ku Klux Klan and other racist groups committed thousands and thousands of hate crimes sense 1922. “Just in the last couple months, three men were indicated in New Mexico for assaulting a disabled minority. Another man was sentenced for putting a hangman noose on the front door of a minority’s house in Louisiana. In Massachusetts another man was sentenced for burning a predominantly African American church” (Two Men Sentenced for Racially-Motivated Assault, 2012). There are hundreds more stories just like these going on every day. Just because people do not hear about hate crimes as often as they used to, does not mean that they are not still happening.…
The issue of Corrections today focuses on female offenders and is a part of the American Correctional Association's long-standing effort to improve programming and services for women and girls in the criminal justice system. Until recently, women and girls were called the "forgotten offenders" because they were frequently overlooked in correctional research, policy development, program design and organizational management. Female and male correctional officers also face a wide range of issues as well. They are exposed to the correctional environment issues with males working in all women prisons and females working inside male prisons. Sexual harassment lawsuits, rape charges, abuse reports, etc. This topic is important in criminal justice because it involves male and female offenders, not just a specific gender. When incarcerated, both genders are subjected to hostile and irate offenders who are mad and just want retaliation against someone, anyone for them being sentenced to an environment that is out of their comfort zone.…
Hate crimes have and always will be an appalling flaw to society. Yet many people are unaware of the characteristics of a hate crime. Hate crimes are any traditional crime such as arson, murder, invasion of privacy, or vandalism that the victim was selected because of their race, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, ethnicity or religion. Over human beings history, hate crimes have been heavily targeted at several groups, yet the effect on society is always the same, and that is that it changes nothing and is fueled by ignorance and arrogance. We as a society must stop this pattern.…
Female educators as sex offenders has been slowly coming into research. Female teachers sexually abusing high school students has become a concern over the years. Even though we hear about male teachers as predators and less about female teachers, does not mean it does not exist. This belief is due to male students not reporting the problem as much as female students. Female offenders go unnoticed because of the way they interact with their daily routines. Females are considered to be the nurturing one and caring. Females are also less like to be prosecuted and if they are their punishment is not as harsh as if they were a male offender. There are double standards for the way a male is judged and how a female is judged over sex abuse. Female offenders should be held responsible at the same level as a male offender. This will discuss the issues of female offenders in the…
Hate crimes differ from other crimes in a number of ways. Victims of hate crimes have a greater negative emotional, psychological and cultural effects on the individual, society, and the community at-large (Wessler, 2009). Crimes that are committed without bias as the motivation don’t have the level of impact as hate crimes. Cheng, Ickes & Kenworthy (2013) found that the rate of both hate crimes and other crimes, differ in commission by race (p. 785-788). The researchers made the assumption that if hate crimes were the same as other crimes, the rate of occurrence would be similar among races, and in fact the rates are different (Cheng, Ickes & Kenworthy, 2013). This indicates that the nature of hate crimes differs in comparison to other crimes.…
The Organization of Women's Freedom in Iraq was in the middle of a campaign against Article 79 of the Jaafari Personal Status Law—a law which, among other women's rights violations, would grant custody over any child two years or older to the father in divorce cases, lower the marriage age to nine for girls and 15 for boys, and even open the door for girls younger than nine to be married with a parent's…
In a modern society it is utterly important to protect our future; thus, insure that our civilization may compete in a global environment. One of the most important investments we can make is to invest in our children. Children of sound mind and body will be vital to the future prosperity of the United States; however, there is an alarming trend that threatens all of society. That threat is the growing occurrence of Female Sex Offenders. Many times, when a child reports that he/she has been victimized by a female, that claim is either not believed, or it is perceived as not a big deal.(Center for Sex Offender Management; 2007) Traditionally, it has been assumed that sex crimes are perpetrated by males. The result of this assumption is that…
In my research paper, I will focus on finding information on violence against women- statistics; organizations working toward solutions/feminist views. I would like to focus on this topic because I have heard so many cases about women suffering domestic violence or violence in other settings. I would like to know the statistics in the United States and in other countries as well, to compare the two and to discover if women still suffer violence in the 21st century.…