Health Promotion Model

e PRECEDE-PROCEED model is a program planning model that uses an ecological approach to health promotion. Unlike the Social-Ecological Model, the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model is a program planning model, not a theoretical model. It provides a framework of step-by-step phases that help practitioners to plan, implement, and analyze a program and its effectiveness. The PRECEDE model was developed by Dr. Lawrence W. Green and colleagues in the 1970’s to address the lack of direction and adequacy of public health promotions to sufficiently plan before implementing interventions (Glanz,
Rimer, and Lewis, 2002). The name is an acronym that stands for Predisposing, Reinforcing, Enabling
Constructs in Educational/Environmental Diagnosis and Evaluation. It
Once the desired outcome is established, practitioners can begin to outline the individual and environmental changes impacting the problem. Phase three is the behavioral and environmental diagnosis. As mentioned above, public health issues are complex and multifaceted.
This diagnostic phase aims to identify behavioral factors of a community including incidence and prevalence data. It also aims to address aspects of the community environment including community cultures, economic, political, and family environments. This allows the practitioner to achieve a more well-rounded picture of the target population. Phase four is the educational and ecological diagnosis.
This phase primarily recognizes characteristics of the problem on the individual level. More specifically, the predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors are considered here. Predisposing factors are actions and behaviors of an individual that are causal. These factors include the individual’s knowledge attitudes

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and beliefs. Reinforcing factors are elements that support or encourage a given behavior. Reinforcing factors include the influence of others within their family and social environment. Finally,
Moreover, literature supports the success of the model in health promotions improving nutrition-related knowledge. Numerous studies have supported the positive impact the PRECEDE-PROCEED model has had on the effectiveness of health promotion programs. Some of these studies include preventive behaviors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in high-risk individuals (Moshki, Dehnoalian, and Alami, 2016), health promotion options for breast cancer survivors (Tramm, McCarthy, and Yates, 2012), fitness-emphasized physical activity and heart-healthy nutrition education program for elementary school children (Slawta and DeNeui, 2009), internet based weight management program for young adults (Kattelmann, White,
Green et al, 2014), among others (Cole and Horacek, 2009; Li, Cao, Lin, Li, Wang, and He, 2009;
Sjostrom, Karlsson, Kaati, Yngve, Green, and Bygren, 1999; Buta, Brewer, Hamlin, Palmer, Bowie, and
Gielen, 2011). It is clear that public health promotions in the form of prevention-based programs are necessary to address the issue of childhood overweight and obesity. It is also clear that there are many planning models, including the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, to choose from when planning a public