History and current situation of migrant workers
History and current situation of migrant workers Migrant workers came into existence during the process of China's industrialization and urbanization, as well as its reform and opening-up. There are three main developmental periods of policies regarding migrant workers: from free migration to strict control, from leaving their farmland but not the hometown to leaving both their farmland and hometown, and from negative controls to positive guidance.
In the initial period after the People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, in order to rapidly promote industrialization, the Chinese Government adopted a policy that permitted rural residents to move into cities freely. It meant a large number of farmers headed for urban areas to become workers and residents. During this period, agricultural productivity was not enhanced, working opportunities in cities did not increase, and urban areas suffered a shortage in food supplies. Since the Hukou
Registration Ordinance of the PRC came into effect in 1958, the Chinese Government has adopted a policy of strictly controlling the migration of the rural population into cities. From the late 1950s to 1970s, China's rate of urbanization stagnated. The countryside did not take the advantage of the opportunity for rapid development, and farmers' living standards were low. Until 1978, about 250 million people did not have adequate food or clothing. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist
Party of China, the household-based land contract system has been adopted in the countryside, which helped to significantly develop rural productivity. As a result, there were surpluses of produce and rural labour, and township enterprises developed rapidly.
A large number of farmers left their land to work in these enterprises, creating an employment pattern of rural labourers leaving their farmland but not their hometown.
According to official
In the initial period after the People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, in order to rapidly promote industrialization, the Chinese Government adopted a policy that permitted rural residents to move into cities freely. It meant a large number of farmers headed for urban areas to become workers and residents. During this period, agricultural productivity was not enhanced, working opportunities in cities did not increase, and urban areas suffered a shortage in food supplies. Since the Hukou
Registration Ordinance of the PRC came into effect in 1958, the Chinese Government has adopted a policy of strictly controlling the migration of the rural population into cities. From the late 1950s to 1970s, China's rate of urbanization stagnated. The countryside did not take the advantage of the opportunity for rapid development, and farmers' living standards were low. Until 1978, about 250 million people did not have adequate food or clothing. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist
Party of China, the household-based land contract system has been adopted in the countryside, which helped to significantly develop rural productivity. As a result, there were surpluses of produce and rural labour, and township enterprises developed rapidly.
A large number of farmers left their land to work in these enterprises, creating an employment pattern of rural labourers leaving their farmland but not their hometown.
According to official