“Student Research Project”
Contents Page
|3-7 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|8-10 |
Experimental Report - Aim - Hypothesis - Apparatus - Method - Independent Variable - Dependent Variable - Controlled Variable/s - Results - Discussion - Conclusion - Acknowledgements - Bibliography
Section 4
( Log Book
Experimental Report: On Your Marks, Get Set, Remove?
Aim: To investigate which permanent coloured Bic is easiest to remove on lamination paper using Power Force cream cleanser.
Hypothesis: …show more content…
The lighter colours are easier to remove than the darker colours.
Apparatus: ( 8 different permanent coloured Bic markers (black, red, orange, yellow, purple, blue, green, pink) ( 4 A4 sized pieces of lamination paper ( Power Force cream cleanser ( Ruler ( Stopwatch/timer ( Sponge
Method: 1. Using a ruler, draw 10 straight, 5cm lines of permanent marker roughly 1cm apart on the lamination paper. 2. Time 5 minutes as soon as you draw for the marker to dry. 3. When the 5 minutes is up; reset the timer and be ready with the Power Force cream cleanser and sponge. 4. Time when ready; apply a drop of Power Force on the sponge. 5. Gently rub the sponge over the lines of permanent marker. 6. End the timer when a reasonable amount is cleaned off. 7. Record the results in a table. 8. Repeat steps 1-7 until all colours are tested. 9. Repeat experiment 3 times for accurate results.
Independent Variable: One factor that deliberately changed in my experiment is the different coloured permanent markers.
Dependent Variable: The variable that I measured in my experiment is the efficiency of removing the stain.
Controlled Variable: The factors that needed to be kept constant was the shape of the mark, length of the mark, colour of the mark, width of the mark, amount of marks, amount of solvent used, pressure on rubbing off the stain and type of material tested on.
Results: On Your Marks, Get Set, Remove? - Results Table
|Marker Colour |Time |Percentage (%) |
| | |Removed |
|Black |1. 1:28:16 |90% removed |
| |2. 1:30:91 | |
| |3. 1:39:18 | |
| | | |
| |Average: 1:32 | |
|Red |1. 1:26:02 |95% removed |
| |2. 1:51:68 | |
| |3. 2:02:47 | |
| | | |
| |Average: 1:59 | |
|Orange |1. 0:57:58 |93% removed |
| |2. 0:50:92 | |
| |3. 0:56:16 | |
| | | |
| |Average: 0:54 | |
|Yellow |1. 0:40:81 |91% removed |
| |2. 0:35:57 | |
| |3. 0:29:83 | |
| | | |
| |Average: 0:34 | |
|Purple |1. 0:53:48 |93% removed |
| |2. 0:38:15 | |
| |3.0:39:81 | |
| | | |
| |Average: 0:43 | |
|Blue |1. 1:00:03 |96% removed |
| |2.0:54:83 | |
| |3. 0:36:86 | |
| | | |
| |Average: 0:30 | |
|Green |1. 0:42:41 |95% removed |
| |2. 0:49:83 | |
| |3. 0:51:00 | |
| | | |
| |Average: 0:47 | |
|Pink |1. 0:43:98 |95% removed |
| |2. 0:42:78 | |
| |3. 0:46:58 | |
| | | |
| |Average: 0:43 | |
Results: On Your Marks, Get Set, Remove? – Average Time Graph
Discussion: After finishing the experiment, it was evident that the answer to my question was that Blue was the easiest to remove using Power Force cream cleanser and things went quite well despite the waiting for certain things. The independent variable turned out to have a strong relation to the dependent variable. This is evidenced by the fact that the solvent used effects whether the mark is removed or not.
The trend observed was that all 8 markers, in repetition of the experiment 3 times were all under the times of 2:10 minutes, though it was unexpected as over 3 minutes was expected but the times varied slightly. The graph of the average times show that Black and Red had the highest times and the other colours were all around the same times.
In the experiment, Blue was the easiest to remove with an average time of 0:30 seconds and percentage of 96% removed.
This was unexpected as the 1st time showed 1:00 minute and the 3rd time showed 0:36 seconds. Black took the longest to remove with an average time of 1:32 and 90% removed. The times of each colour varied in ways that during the 1st time, it would either be the longest or shortest compared to the others. The hypothesis observed was about 80% correct; Blue wasn’t the lightest amongst the colours though Black was the darkest and took the longest.
Deciding on the percentage of the efficiency of removing the permanent marker using the cream cleanser was difficult as a comparison between each colour needed to be decided upon. Waiting for each marker to dry after 5 minutes was nerve-racking and keeping the same pressure whilst rubbing the sponge over the spots of permanent marker.
Based on the findings in this experiment, ideas for future experiments would be to observe different variables, ensure accurate timings and using the same amount of solvent for each …show more content…
colour.
This data is of limited use, but it could still be used. There are people who would like to know how to remove permanent marks the best way; it is not uncommon to accidentally leave an undesirable mark somewhere. The information would be useful to any common person; especially parents with little children who like to draw or even to teachers who accidentally write on their whiteboards could use this information.
Conclusion: In conclusion, my aim was observed and solved of the eight different coloured Bic permanent markers; Blue was the easiest colour to remove with an average time of 0:30 seconds.
Acknowledgments: I would like to greatly acknowledge Miss Poli for all her feedback and support towards putting together the experimental report in order to undertake the task. Without her feedback, I would not have understood the task in the way she had explained it to me.
Bibliography:
( Hub Pages: How to Remove Permanent Marker from a Painted Wall http://robin.hubpages.com/hub/How-To-Remove-Permanent-Marker-from-a-Painted-Wall Author: Robin
Last Updated: 29th August 2011
Date Accessed: Wednesday 27th July 2011
( Easy Kids Science Experiments: High School Science Experiments http://www.easy-kids-science-experiments.com/high-school-science-experiments.html Last Updated: Copyright 2011
Date Accessed: Tuesday 26th July 2011
( Julian Trubin: Cleaners and Disinfectants, Science Fair Projects and Experiments http://www.juliantrubin.com/fairprojects/chemistry/disinfectants.html Author: Julian Rubin
Last Updated: Copyright 2011
Date Accessed: Tuesday 26th July 2011
( All Science Fair Projects: Dissolving Tablets More Quickly http://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/project1302_134.html Author: All Science Fair Projects
Last Updated: Copyright 2011
Date Accessed: Tuesday 26th July 2011
Log Book
|Date |Entry |
|Tuesday 26th July 2011 |Received our assignment, read through the booklet for a better understanding of what was required. |
| |Decided that I didn’t want to do something too complex for myself. At first I thought about doing |
| |something with dissolving effervescent tablets including Berocca; I was going to test which temperature of|
| |water it would dissolve the quickest in but I thought it would’ve been to hard because I didn’t know how |
| |to record my results so I researched other possible experiments. |
| |Another possible experiment was to test which solvent would remove certain stains on cotton. The solvent |
| |was going to be washing detergent, the stains would’ve been fake blood, grass stain, chocolate, permanent |
| |marker and foundation. Then again I chose not to do this experiment because I didn’t know how I was going |
| |to record my results. |
|Wednesday 27th July |I continued to look for other experiments and came across one to do with permanent markers. I looked for |
|2011 |something that I knew I was capable to do to independently; not too hard nor too easy. |
| |I chose to do “Which type/brand of permanent marker is easiest to remove using a solvent?” |
| |At first I was having second thoughts towards this experiment because I had a lot of questions going |
| |through my head thinking, how will I know what solvent removes permanent marker? What will I test it on? |
| |How will I record my results?
But I did some research about how I could do these things and ideas started |
| |to come to mind. |
| |I did a little test using a permanent marker on a mirror and used a sponge with a bit of Power Force- an |
| |all-purpose cream cleanser and was pleased to know it would work but I wasn’t 100 sure I was going to use |
| |a mirror in case a particular brand didn’t come off. |
|Saturday 6th August |I began Section 1 and 2 of the assessment task, which required writing an aim, hypothesis, equipment and a|
|2011 |method. |
| |My aim was: “To investigate which type and brand of permanent marker is easiest to remove using Power |
| |Force”.
|
| |My hypothesis was: “The thicker tipped permanent markers are harder to remove than the thinner tipped |
| |ones”. |
| |I decided how I would test my experiment on 5 different types/brands of permanent marker; a stopwatch to |
| |time, a ruler, a mirror to test it on, a sponge and Power Force cream cleanser. |
|Monday 8th August 2011 |I really thought about my method before I wrote it in case some things wouldn’t work and so it took a |
| |while. |
| |Method: |
| |Using a ruler, draw 10 lines of permanent marker on the mirror. |
| |Time 5 minutes as soon as the marker is drawn to dry. |
| |When the 5 minutes is up, reset the timer and be ready with the Power Force cream cleanser and sponge. |
| |Time when ready; apply a bit of Power Force on the sponge. |
| |Gently rub the sponge over the spots of permanent marker. |
| |End the timer when a reasonable amount is cleaned off. |
| |Record results in a table. |
| |Repeat steps 1-7 until all brands and types are tested. |
| |Repeat experiment 3 times; for accurate results. |
| |I still wasn’t too sure about any changes I was able to make but this section was due tomorrow and I knew |
| |I would take in any feedback given by Miss Poli. |
|Thursday 11th August |Section 1 and 2 were late submissions as I was absent from class on Tuesday 9th August. I was pleased to |
|2011 |know that Miss Poli was pleased with it, as I wasn’t expecting it. |
| |She did give me a lot of feedback and I was happy to take it. |
| |I got home from school that day and began re-writing a few things. |
| |I decided that instead of having different types/brands of permanent marker I would just do ‘Bic’ and |
| |instead of just using black I would use a number of colours. |
| |My aim changed to: “To investigate which permanent coloured Bic is easiest to remove on lamination paper |
| |using Power Force.” |
| |My hypothesis also changed to: “The lighter colours are easier to remove than the darker colours”. |
| |Everything else in the equipment would stay the same and a few changes were made in the method. |
|Wednesday 18th August |Today I thought about my independent, controlled and dependent variables. It was a bit hard for me since I|
|2011 |forgot to what each of them meant so I did some research on what they were. |
| |Independent Variable: Different coloured permanent markers. |
| |Controlled Variables: Shape of the mark, length of the mark, colour of the mark, width of the mark, amount|
| |of marks, amount of solvent used, pressure on rubbing off the stain and type of material tested on. |
| |Dependent Variable: Efficiency of removing the stain. |
|Saturday 27th August |Even though I hadn’t started my experiment I began to think about how my results were going to record my |
|2011 |results and I really didn’t know how I was going to do this. |
| |I thought photographs would have been too simple and Year 8 style but I thought I might do snapshots say |
| |every 5, 10, 15 seconds if it does take that long and include a table with the results and add everything |
| |into a graph. |
| |I would think it would be too complicated but I was going to ask Miss Poli for some feedback. |
| |It had been a while since I last did anything in progress to this research project due to School |
| |Certificate Trials but now that they are over I was back on track with everything I had to do. |
| |During class today, we worked on our task throughout the double period and were taught how to write a |
|Thursday 8th September |discussion. I was slightly confused about how to write a discussion though I looked back on my task from |
|2011 |Year 8 and it helped me with how to write one. |
| |I also thought back again to how I was going to record my results and came up with a table with 4 columns |
| |labeled; marker colour, time, photograph- after final experiment and percentage removed. I also thought |
| |about having a column graph with the average times graphed for each colour. |
|Saturday 10th September|After the busy weekends I’ve had I finally found the time to do my experiment and put together my report. |
|2011 |Doing the experiment three times for each colour took quite some time due to waiting for the marker to dry|
| |etc. and I felt like I was losing patience from all the waiting. |
| |After I did each colour, I would straight away put down the times on the table so that I wouldn’t forget, |
| |then I would take a photo of the final experiments results to add to the table with the percentage of the |
| |efficiency of the Power Force. |
| |Following the results table, I completed my graph using Microsoft Excel. I entered all my data into the |
| |spreadsheet and created a column graph with labels of colours and average time. I had some trouble using |
| |Excel since I’m not very good at using those types of programs but I just tried to do what I can and |
| |things worked out. |
| |Later that day I started to put together my experimental report with headings labeled; aim, hypothesis, |
| |apparatus, method, results, discussion, conclusion, bibliography and acknowledgements. Though I only got |
| |halfway through my discussion since I was really tired, I decided to continue the next day and complete |
| |everything then. |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
|Sunday 11th September |I completed my discussion and finalized my experimental report and checked that everything was completed |
|2011 |to the best of it. I checked my bibliography and made sure it was formatted correctly. |
|Monday 12th September |I did a final check on my experimental report, checked to see all grammar and punctuation was correct, |
|2011 |looked for any errors that might’ve needed to be fixed up and surprisingly there wasn’t any. |
| |Everything’s ready for submission ( |