How Did Franko And Mussolini Influence Fascism
Football is a sport chosen by individuals to have fun and stay fit and healthy; but Football was misrepresented within European countries especially in the Twentieth Century. Mussolini and Franko were the two most powerful dictators in the twentieth century who used football to manipulate and corrupt other countries in order to promote their own country and its political identity. Both Mussolini and Franko did not like Football themselves but they used Football to uphold their power and control within their countries. Football was attractive to European dictators as it endorsed nationalism, support and patriotism when victories were made on the field. Both Mussolini and Franco abused Football as a sport for their fascist regimes and propaganda. Thus, both dictators were the most powerful dictators in European
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history as they affected international relations within football.
Fascism can be defined as a political attitude and mass movement that arose during time between the first and second World War.
Fascism is the attitude of giving full interest in economic, social, and military power to a dominant race or state lead by a single dominant leader. Mussolini took over the organisation of the 1934 world cup, Hitler and the Nazis intimidated, threatened and murdered footballers if they did not follow their orders and Franko manipulated Spains football supporters. Football was able to surpass certain working class inequalities making it available to all individuals to partake in as a hobby. Mussolini and Franco used football to encourage their own ideologies to individuals in their nation and to also construct their realms; this therefore affected the relationships with other countries. Through the changing perspectives of Football in the twentieth century due to affects of the European dictators, Football turned from involving only the players on the field to even the spectators of the field. Many Football competitions that were held created a misconception of peace and therefore created tensions within countries around the
world.
The association of football and fascism started in Italy on October 28th 1992, the fascist party came to power and Mussolini was the founder of Europe’s first dictatorship, and the founder of the ‘new Italian’ to create a new image to show Italy as enthusiastic, strong and athletic. Mussolini didn’t like football but from him previously being a newspaper writer he was aware of the propaganda in football and how he could use the game to gain support from his nation as the government needed constant support. The atmosphere in Italy was very distinctive as everyone came from fascist youths, they were brainwashed into believing football was everything. Through Mussolini, Franko and Hitler controlling football it created an ‘us v them’ attitude, this was especially seen through Mussolini when he always expressed “When you fight with your team mates outside Italy you carry the integrity and the sporting prestige together”. From the civil war bringing together the three most powerful dictators in the twentieth century, Franco was left politically isolated after the Second World War and Spain was left secluded without any international relations.
Through local and national teams Mussolini used Football to propagate Fascist myths and cultivate national and racial regeneration through sporting superiority, and thus spread the notion of the new Italian. Mussolini used the 1994 world cup to gain his countries sympathy through abusing the emotions of football. He bribed the referees in the grand-final to make Italy win. The 1994 world cup was a way in which every country could show their superiority but due to Mussolini ‘swaggering’ in the world cup it turned political. Mussolini took full control of the 1994 World cup to verify his authority within Italy as well as over other countries and to endorse his country as superior, fit and resilient. Mussolini effectively bribed the referrers in the semi final and final to guarantee Italy winning the World Cup through manipulation. The competition exalted fascism through Mussolini’s Italian Fascist regime. The national anthems were played all over again and Mussolini and the Fascist party had their sporting paradigm of the nations newfound strength”. . Through the referee favoring the Italians and called unfair penalties they were able to win the World Cup. Through Mussolini manipulating both the referees and the game, the 1934 World Cup became the most world known sporting event due to the exploitation by Mussolini.
Mussolini was one of the greatest dictators in Football; through manipulating football games this allowed his Italian government to excel through the increase in national values and identity. Mussolini increased the international reputation of Italy and expressed the patriotic independence of his country. Italian fascism regimes successfully changed Italian individuals attitudes and strengthened conformity within their daily routines. This showed a false sense of connection between Mussolini and his country, which made the public feel respected and valued. The public was brain washed and was controlled by Mussolini’s power, all to achieve recognition and attention from other countries so they believed that Italy was a successful country and that the public was seen as good people. This was closely linked to Hitler hosting the Olympic Games in Germany to show their class, strength and organisation of their country
Hitler took sport to a new level; Hitler used football to aid his political and governmental goals and to help the interactions within the neighboring European countries to cover his intentions and plans of training people for war. Hitler used the 1935 England vs. Germany football match to illustrate to the world that Germany was a civilised country who followed rules. Even though Germany lost, Hitler successfully exploited the game through Britain commended Germany on their sportsmanship and loyalty from their spectators. After this match Britain confirmed that they would still use the policy of appeasement, this therefore showed that Hitler successfully used the game as political propaganda in order to further improve his country. Although the Nazis did not need did not need to reply on political purposes to the same extent as the Fascists, they used football to create their own form of football-politik-the practice of football as politics and state policy in order to conceal Hitlers political and military agenda. Hitler’s main goal was to have a unified football team so they were good enough to be globally recognised. Hitler made sure that the Nazi’s took control of the team and made sure they represented the Aryan ideal and Nazi regime.
Miloslav Jensik was a polish journalist who spent twenty years investigating the corruption at the world cup. He found that fascism became a form of religion in the twentieth century and that Mussolini’s corruption at the world cup was closely linked to Hitler and how he abused the 1936 Berlin Olympics as it was used for a fascist regime. Hitler took propaganda to a new level, Germany did not have a robust football team so he decided to take them out of the League of Nations in 1933 to alienate the Nazis from international competition as he prepared them for war. Hitler wanted to demonstrate to other countries that Germany was not what they were portrayed as. Hitler therefore used the 1936 Olympic games to showcase and manipulate the whole world into thinking Germans were not bad people. Hitler knew that the whole world would be watching the Olympic games; he made sure that Germany competed at the best of their ability to show their strength and ability. The 1936 Olympic Games was one of the most successful exploitations of a sporting event for political ends in history. Hitler used the Olympics as an opportunity to show the world Germany’s immaculate organisation skills as well as the strength of Nazi ideology and the power of the Aryan race.
Sport was a distraction and a means of indoctrination; a healthy pursuit and a preparation for the military; it was also an important organ of propaganda, inspiring nationalism at home by winning glory abroad. Both Mussolini and Franko effectively used the interest and enthusiasm of football matches and competitions to distract individuals within their countries from the poor circumstances of their political and government bodies. Gordon and London expressed that ‘Such successes were presented and perceived, nationally and internationally, as victories, not merely for Italy but more particularly for the fascist regime. Through the victories of their country winning the matches this successfully produced a national unanimity as they were all manipulated from the government issues that were faced through following their beloved football team. Thus, Mussolini and Franco effectively used the game to endorse their individual governments; through creating national identity and superiority through their national football teams.
Franco did not like Football at all, he never watched any matches but as he realised that Football could help him achieve his political goal he started to attend his countries football matches and built the team. Franco was able to not only bring himself to love football but also his country, he was able to manipulate his country by changing their views and perceptions on different politics within the government. Franco was displayed as a man who loves his country and would do anything for his people through attending football matches and making his identity shown at important events. Through Franko adopting Real Madrid it allowed him to gain a further international image. Di Stèfano was the brains, the lungs, the inspiration and often the sword of Real Madrid for over a decade. Franco had no qualms about killing his opponents, but the encouragement of social apathy and passive acceptance was a much more civilised way of retaining control . The murder of the president of Barcelona’s football club showed how brutal the rivalry was as the Spanish was convicted for murdering him, this fueled hatred towards Franco and Real Madrid. Franco only wanted to create propaganda for his people, the introduction of the television helped Franco, whenever there was a political or government problem Franco would use the football matches to distract Spain from the political problems faced.
Dogliani (2000) explores how Football was mainly played by boys so they could train them into become soldiers, there was little female involvement due to the equality and domestic roles within Europe in the twentieth century. Football controlled young people as they practiced and played football, this kept them busy rather than complaining or objecting to the political and government realms that occurred . Through Mussolini and Franco manipulating young individuals within their countries it created a fabrication of control and power within their political systems. People participated in different sports to train and stay fit; this was a key part to totalitarian regimes and the dictators were able to train individuals within their country to become soldiers. Both Mussolini and Franco controlled individuals within their countries by manipulating them to play Football so they were able to train to become fit and strong so they were able to fight for their countries as soldiers in the future. Insufficient regimes and the risk of communism increased the growth of control by Franco and Mussolini and their fascist regimes. Within Tunis' article he effectively expresses how the European dictators could use Football as a tool to create soldiers for the military "From being a simple source of amusement and recreation, it became a means to an end, a weapon in the hands of the all highest".
Football created a powerful image for Franco and Spain through Real Madrid’s victory on the world stage. Franco was the one dictator who new how important Football was for international relations and was willing to do whatever he could to manipulate his country to achieve his goals. After the civil war Spain was secluded though through Franco’s adoption of Real Madrid helped the Spain rebuild themselves into the world. Franco was able to build the strength of his team through welcoming refugees who played football from all different countries around the world. Franco at every match always use to say, “win at all costs” , Football allowed Franco to hold a dictatorship over Spain for 36 years.
The relationship between football and fascism affected Europe in the twentieth century. Mussolini, Franko and Hitler were the three main dictators who did all they could to abuse football for their own government and political powers. The three fascist dictators of the twentieth century turned football and made turned it into a diplomatically manipulated sport that effected many countries. National identities were formed and manipulated in the twentieth century and this is why football has had a massive impact on international relations through Fascism and propaganda.
history as they affected international relations within football.
Fascism can be defined as a political attitude and mass movement that arose during time between the first and second World War.
Fascism is the attitude of giving full interest in economic, social, and military power to a dominant race or state lead by a single dominant leader. Mussolini took over the organisation of the 1934 world cup, Hitler and the Nazis intimidated, threatened and murdered footballers if they did not follow their orders and Franko manipulated Spains football supporters. Football was able to surpass certain working class inequalities making it available to all individuals to partake in as a hobby. Mussolini and Franco used football to encourage their own ideologies to individuals in their nation and to also construct their realms; this therefore affected the relationships with other countries. Through the changing perspectives of Football in the twentieth century due to affects of the European dictators, Football turned from involving only the players on the field to even the spectators of the field. Many Football competitions that were held created a misconception of peace and therefore created tensions within countries around the
world.
The association of football and fascism started in Italy on October 28th 1992, the fascist party came to power and Mussolini was the founder of Europe’s first dictatorship, and the founder of the ‘new Italian’ to create a new image to show Italy as enthusiastic, strong and athletic. Mussolini didn’t like football but from him previously being a newspaper writer he was aware of the propaganda in football and how he could use the game to gain support from his nation as the government needed constant support. The atmosphere in Italy was very distinctive as everyone came from fascist youths, they were brainwashed into believing football was everything. Through Mussolini, Franko and Hitler controlling football it created an ‘us v them’ attitude, this was especially seen through Mussolini when he always expressed “When you fight with your team mates outside Italy you carry the integrity and the sporting prestige together”. From the civil war bringing together the three most powerful dictators in the twentieth century, Franco was left politically isolated after the Second World War and Spain was left secluded without any international relations.
Through local and national teams Mussolini used Football to propagate Fascist myths and cultivate national and racial regeneration through sporting superiority, and thus spread the notion of the new Italian. Mussolini used the 1994 world cup to gain his countries sympathy through abusing the emotions of football. He bribed the referees in the grand-final to make Italy win. The 1994 world cup was a way in which every country could show their superiority but due to Mussolini ‘swaggering’ in the world cup it turned political. Mussolini took full control of the 1994 World cup to verify his authority within Italy as well as over other countries and to endorse his country as superior, fit and resilient. Mussolini effectively bribed the referrers in the semi final and final to guarantee Italy winning the World Cup through manipulation. The competition exalted fascism through Mussolini’s Italian Fascist regime. The national anthems were played all over again and Mussolini and the Fascist party had their sporting paradigm of the nations newfound strength”. . Through the referee favoring the Italians and called unfair penalties they were able to win the World Cup. Through Mussolini manipulating both the referees and the game, the 1934 World Cup became the most world known sporting event due to the exploitation by Mussolini.
Mussolini was one of the greatest dictators in Football; through manipulating football games this allowed his Italian government to excel through the increase in national values and identity. Mussolini increased the international reputation of Italy and expressed the patriotic independence of his country. Italian fascism regimes successfully changed Italian individuals attitudes and strengthened conformity within their daily routines. This showed a false sense of connection between Mussolini and his country, which made the public feel respected and valued. The public was brain washed and was controlled by Mussolini’s power, all to achieve recognition and attention from other countries so they believed that Italy was a successful country and that the public was seen as good people. This was closely linked to Hitler hosting the Olympic Games in Germany to show their class, strength and organisation of their country
Hitler took sport to a new level; Hitler used football to aid his political and governmental goals and to help the interactions within the neighboring European countries to cover his intentions and plans of training people for war. Hitler used the 1935 England vs. Germany football match to illustrate to the world that Germany was a civilised country who followed rules. Even though Germany lost, Hitler successfully exploited the game through Britain commended Germany on their sportsmanship and loyalty from their spectators. After this match Britain confirmed that they would still use the policy of appeasement, this therefore showed that Hitler successfully used the game as political propaganda in order to further improve his country. Although the Nazis did not need did not need to reply on political purposes to the same extent as the Fascists, they used football to create their own form of football-politik-the practice of football as politics and state policy in order to conceal Hitlers political and military agenda. Hitler’s main goal was to have a unified football team so they were good enough to be globally recognised. Hitler made sure that the Nazi’s took control of the team and made sure they represented the Aryan ideal and Nazi regime.
Miloslav Jensik was a polish journalist who spent twenty years investigating the corruption at the world cup. He found that fascism became a form of religion in the twentieth century and that Mussolini’s corruption at the world cup was closely linked to Hitler and how he abused the 1936 Berlin Olympics as it was used for a fascist regime. Hitler took propaganda to a new level, Germany did not have a robust football team so he decided to take them out of the League of Nations in 1933 to alienate the Nazis from international competition as he prepared them for war. Hitler wanted to demonstrate to other countries that Germany was not what they were portrayed as. Hitler therefore used the 1936 Olympic games to showcase and manipulate the whole world into thinking Germans were not bad people. Hitler knew that the whole world would be watching the Olympic games; he made sure that Germany competed at the best of their ability to show their strength and ability. The 1936 Olympic Games was one of the most successful exploitations of a sporting event for political ends in history. Hitler used the Olympics as an opportunity to show the world Germany’s immaculate organisation skills as well as the strength of Nazi ideology and the power of the Aryan race.
Sport was a distraction and a means of indoctrination; a healthy pursuit and a preparation for the military; it was also an important organ of propaganda, inspiring nationalism at home by winning glory abroad. Both Mussolini and Franko effectively used the interest and enthusiasm of football matches and competitions to distract individuals within their countries from the poor circumstances of their political and government bodies. Gordon and London expressed that ‘Such successes were presented and perceived, nationally and internationally, as victories, not merely for Italy but more particularly for the fascist regime. Through the victories of their country winning the matches this successfully produced a national unanimity as they were all manipulated from the government issues that were faced through following their beloved football team. Thus, Mussolini and Franco effectively used the game to endorse their individual governments; through creating national identity and superiority through their national football teams.
Franco did not like Football at all, he never watched any matches but as he realised that Football could help him achieve his political goal he started to attend his countries football matches and built the team. Franco was able to not only bring himself to love football but also his country, he was able to manipulate his country by changing their views and perceptions on different politics within the government. Franco was displayed as a man who loves his country and would do anything for his people through attending football matches and making his identity shown at important events. Through Franko adopting Real Madrid it allowed him to gain a further international image. Di Stèfano was the brains, the lungs, the inspiration and often the sword of Real Madrid for over a decade. Franco had no qualms about killing his opponents, but the encouragement of social apathy and passive acceptance was a much more civilised way of retaining control . The murder of the president of Barcelona’s football club showed how brutal the rivalry was as the Spanish was convicted for murdering him, this fueled hatred towards Franco and Real Madrid. Franco only wanted to create propaganda for his people, the introduction of the television helped Franco, whenever there was a political or government problem Franco would use the football matches to distract Spain from the political problems faced.
Dogliani (2000) explores how Football was mainly played by boys so they could train them into become soldiers, there was little female involvement due to the equality and domestic roles within Europe in the twentieth century. Football controlled young people as they practiced and played football, this kept them busy rather than complaining or objecting to the political and government realms that occurred . Through Mussolini and Franco manipulating young individuals within their countries it created a fabrication of control and power within their political systems. People participated in different sports to train and stay fit; this was a key part to totalitarian regimes and the dictators were able to train individuals within their country to become soldiers. Both Mussolini and Franco controlled individuals within their countries by manipulating them to play Football so they were able to train to become fit and strong so they were able to fight for their countries as soldiers in the future. Insufficient regimes and the risk of communism increased the growth of control by Franco and Mussolini and their fascist regimes. Within Tunis' article he effectively expresses how the European dictators could use Football as a tool to create soldiers for the military "From being a simple source of amusement and recreation, it became a means to an end, a weapon in the hands of the all highest".
Football created a powerful image for Franco and Spain through Real Madrid’s victory on the world stage. Franco was the one dictator who new how important Football was for international relations and was willing to do whatever he could to manipulate his country to achieve his goals. After the civil war Spain was secluded though through Franco’s adoption of Real Madrid helped the Spain rebuild themselves into the world. Franco was able to build the strength of his team through welcoming refugees who played football from all different countries around the world. Franco at every match always use to say, “win at all costs” , Football allowed Franco to hold a dictatorship over Spain for 36 years.
The relationship between football and fascism affected Europe in the twentieth century. Mussolini, Franko and Hitler were the three main dictators who did all they could to abuse football for their own government and political powers. The three fascist dictators of the twentieth century turned football and made turned it into a diplomatically manipulated sport that effected many countries. National identities were formed and manipulated in the twentieth century and this is why football has had a massive impact on international relations through Fascism and propaganda.