How Does The PNI Complex Relate To The Placebo Effect?
• How does the PNI complex relate to the placebo effect?
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), explores the relationships between the nervous system, emotions, and the endocrine and immune systems; it is concerned with the links between our states of mind and our states of health (Madden, 2010). It emerged in 1975, from a highly controlled research with laboratory rats, when a scientific connection between stress stimulation ad inunosuppression were observed and measured (Madden, 2010). In parallel with such developments, there has been a growing body of evidence showing that there is value in using Placebo medicine. It has been shown approximately 50 percent of people in double-blind trials (where the physician is also unaware as to which prescribed …show more content…
(2010). NAHA Journal 2010. Retrieved from: http://www.colorys.com.tw/images/NAHA_Journal_2010_3.pdf
Jennings, C.C. (2009). Resistance - The Whole Truth. Retrieved from: https://books.google.com/books?id=7gftNLFoXHkC&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38&dq=how+is+pni+and+placebo+related&source=bl&ots=YbYksvdZBc&sig=uH9Haqh-_UjA
• How is the autonomic nervous system (ANS) comprised of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches similar to the Asian concept of yin and yang?
The theory behind Chinese medicine is based on Taoist philosophy and yin-yang dualism. Yin represents the cold, slow, or passive principle, while yang represents the hot, excited, or active principle. Health results when the body has the forces of yin and yang in balance. Disease is due to an internal imbalance of yin and yang that leads to a blockage in the flow of vital energy (qi or chi) along pathways in the body known as meridians. Through the use of acupuncture, herbal preparations, and massage, a practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine attempts to restore the balance between yin and yang.
Reference
Powell, C.M.H. (2015).Conventional, Complementary, and Alternative Approaches to Healing. Retrieved from: …show more content…
The response is characterized by a coordinating discharge of the sympathetic nervous system and portions of the parasympathetic nervous system and by the secretion of a number of hormones, especially epinephrine and cortisol. When a person experiences a threatening situation, the associated emotions that arise in the limbic system portion of the brain are translated automatically into the appropriate physiological responses through nervous and hormonal pathways mediated by hypothalamus. Some prominent aspects of the flight-or-flight response are an elevation of the heart rate and blood pressure, constriction of the blood vessels of the skin and increased activity in the reticular formation of the
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), explores the relationships between the nervous system, emotions, and the endocrine and immune systems; it is concerned with the links between our states of mind and our states of health (Madden, 2010). It emerged in 1975, from a highly controlled research with laboratory rats, when a scientific connection between stress stimulation ad inunosuppression were observed and measured (Madden, 2010). In parallel with such developments, there has been a growing body of evidence showing that there is value in using Placebo medicine. It has been shown approximately 50 percent of people in double-blind trials (where the physician is also unaware as to which prescribed …show more content…
(2010). NAHA Journal 2010. Retrieved from: http://www.colorys.com.tw/images/NAHA_Journal_2010_3.pdf
Jennings, C.C. (2009). Resistance - The Whole Truth. Retrieved from: https://books.google.com/books?id=7gftNLFoXHkC&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38&dq=how+is+pni+and+placebo+related&source=bl&ots=YbYksvdZBc&sig=uH9Haqh-_UjA
• How is the autonomic nervous system (ANS) comprised of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches similar to the Asian concept of yin and yang?
The theory behind Chinese medicine is based on Taoist philosophy and yin-yang dualism. Yin represents the cold, slow, or passive principle, while yang represents the hot, excited, or active principle. Health results when the body has the forces of yin and yang in balance. Disease is due to an internal imbalance of yin and yang that leads to a blockage in the flow of vital energy (qi or chi) along pathways in the body known as meridians. Through the use of acupuncture, herbal preparations, and massage, a practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine attempts to restore the balance between yin and yang.
Reference
Powell, C.M.H. (2015).Conventional, Complementary, and Alternative Approaches to Healing. Retrieved from: …show more content…
The response is characterized by a coordinating discharge of the sympathetic nervous system and portions of the parasympathetic nervous system and by the secretion of a number of hormones, especially epinephrine and cortisol. When a person experiences a threatening situation, the associated emotions that arise in the limbic system portion of the brain are translated automatically into the appropriate physiological responses through nervous and hormonal pathways mediated by hypothalamus. Some prominent aspects of the flight-or-flight response are an elevation of the heart rate and blood pressure, constriction of the blood vessels of the skin and increased activity in the reticular formation of the