How Successful Has The Regeneration Of Urban Areas Been 40 Marks 
How successful has the regeneration of urban areas been, given the variety of ways in which it has been undertaken? (40 Marks)
Urban decline is the decline of the inner city often caused by lack of investment and maintenance. Characteristics of urban decline include poor quality housing that are overcrowded, empty buildings/factories, derelict land where building used to be and high levels of air, noise, land and water pollution. Other characteristics include high unemployment rates, high crime rates, decrease in population, and families that have split. The main factor for urban decline is as a result of deindustrialisation, for example the end of the industrial revolution in Manchester. Due to deindustrialisation there is a lack of investment so the area becomes less desirable so there isn’t much money to refurbish the properties and leads to empty buildings that become derelict. The quality of the buildings decline and residential areas become abandoned which leads to a poor image of the area so no one will invest in it. Industrial buildings become empty e.g. by the 1960’s/70’s the mills were beginning to close down at a rate of 1 mill per week, as industries and businesses reduced their workforce. The skilled and affluent people migrated out of the inner city which only left the less skilled workforce, reduced the population and this lead to poverty in the inner city. For example an economic recession in the 1970’s/80’s lead to high unemployment, between 1971 and 1981 Manchester lost almost 500,000 full time jobs and there was a population decline of 25%. People being unemployed meant that they had less money to spend, there is an increase in burglaries and crime. Thus the local shops and services receive less customers and businesses closed down. Businesses opened in more green areas with open space e.g. the Towers Business Park in Didsbury. Properties in the inner city areas were left unmaintained so they become derelict which lead to a depressing image of
Urban decline is the decline of the inner city often caused by lack of investment and maintenance. Characteristics of urban decline include poor quality housing that are overcrowded, empty buildings/factories, derelict land where building used to be and high levels of air, noise, land and water pollution. Other characteristics include high unemployment rates, high crime rates, decrease in population, and families that have split. The main factor for urban decline is as a result of deindustrialisation, for example the end of the industrial revolution in Manchester. Due to deindustrialisation there is a lack of investment so the area becomes less desirable so there isn’t much money to refurbish the properties and leads to empty buildings that become derelict. The quality of the buildings decline and residential areas become abandoned which leads to a poor image of the area so no one will invest in it. Industrial buildings become empty e.g. by the 1960’s/70’s the mills were beginning to close down at a rate of 1 mill per week, as industries and businesses reduced their workforce. The skilled and affluent people migrated out of the inner city which only left the less skilled workforce, reduced the population and this lead to poverty in the inner city. For example an economic recession in the 1970’s/80’s lead to high unemployment, between 1971 and 1981 Manchester lost almost 500,000 full time jobs and there was a population decline of 25%. People being unemployed meant that they had less money to spend, there is an increase in burglaries and crime. Thus the local shops and services receive less customers and businesses closed down. Businesses opened in more green areas with open space e.g. the Towers Business Park in Didsbury. Properties in the inner city areas were left unmaintained so they become derelict which lead to a depressing image of