* France – 1830-1848 – “july monarchy” Louis Philippe is a bourgeois monarch. The bourgeoisie benefitted from him because of Liberalism…
o France shifts from a monarchy to a revolutionary republic to a authoritarian empire (which in turn only lasts until 1870)…
In the years leading up to 1848, there had been a growing battle between conservative and liberal ideologies. Economic struggles brought government to the forefront of many people's minds and with that, the divide between these two ideologies increased. The year before 1848 had brought poor yields to the harvests which caused inflation of food prices across the continent. On top of this, unemployment was on the rise as industrial conditions worsened. Cities filled with the developing working class and student groups. These people typically had a strong sense of nationalism and more liberal views on workers’ rights and government. These factors combined to create a climate that was willing to challenge old and powerful regimes that were aristocratic and monarchical in the countries of Italy, the German Confederation, and France.…
Liberalism is tricky to define since it is divided into classical and modern liberalism. Classical liberalism states that the government should take control of an institution in order to ensure that it continues to be of service to the people, free of charge. Classical liberalism does not see any need for the government to enforce law and order and subjugate its citizens under the iron rule of law and order. In a classical liberalist government you would have Lower taxes and more economic freedom. With that also comes lack of government regulation which would…
To what extent was Austria responsible for the failure of Italian revolutionaries in the years 1820-49?…
Both conservative and radical dictatorships wept through Europe in the 20s and 30s. Conservative dictatorships were quite old and the new dictatorships were totalitarian. Traditional form of antidemocratic government was conserve. authoritarianism (which prevented major changes that would undermine existing order, had limited power). Relied on bureaucracies, police, and armies. Liberals, democrats, and socialists were persecuted as radicals. C.A. limited their demands to taxes, army recruits, and passive acceptance. Only Czecho was liberal in political. Parliamentary regime were founded but lands lacked a self government necessary restraint and compromise. Dictatorship appealed to nationalists and military leaders as a way to repress tensions and preserve national unity. People were more concerned with maintaining the status quo than with forcing rapid change or war.…
The Restoration period resulted in several social and political changes. Europeans brought revolutionary ideas and traditions of religious radicalism and reformist thought to provoke social and political changes during this time period. There were people who ranged in beliefs from liberals to nationalist to socialists to communists. Many people also believed in utopian societies, which seem unobtainable. People also believed in Karl Marx’s theory of Marxism. Due to all these conferring beliefs led different nations to suffer. “In 1848, revolutionary fervor ignited uprisings in France, Austria, Russia, Italy, Hungary, and the German states” (613). Although these revolutions were not successful, they still lead to other social changes in the…
Question: Compare and contrast the role that nationalism played in Italy, Germany, and Austria in the years between 1848 and 1871.…
In 1848, continuous revolutions occurred throughout the continent of Europe. In reactions to the revolutions some Europeans thought that the revolutions were great, successful, and an accomplishment for the people because they have gotten what they wanted. While other Europeans reacted to these revolutions as a disturbance in society and some revolutions had gone too far, and even loathed the idea of revolts.…
Many historical events and people are associated with the development of liberalism. Socialists setup the Paris Commune, a socialist government in Paris, that would become the site of thousands of deaths by the time the French had worked to end the Commune. Their joint work on "The Communist…
Liberalism, in general, was an ideological movement that emerged out of the ideas of the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution in the early 19th century. It embraced the ideas of individualism which were established in the Renaissance and Reformation era. The Renaissance period sparked a belief in the importance of the individual in society. It helped promote the beliefs of classical liberalism which gradually formed into the liberal ideology of the 19th century. Individuals that were waiting to get their individual rights and freedoms were allowed to finally gain liberty and power through this period of time. Classical liberalism developed from the ideologies of individuals such as Locke, Mill and Smith who were concerned with protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens. The Industrial Revolution strengthened the ideas of classical liberalism and allowed people to gain economic freedom, self-interest and private property. Classical liberalism transformed British into a society based on agriculture and the landed classes, interventionist government, and humanitarianism into a society based on industry and the middle classes, laissez-faire government and pursuit of industrial efficiency (Fielding, 2009). People flourished with great amount of wealth and power but there were others whose lives had been changed for the worse. Resistance to liberalism is justified to a great extent because it did not affect the lives all people. Liberalism disregarded the rights and civil liberties of the working class, lead to a discrepancy in the economic structure of society, and set its political values merely on the basis of individualism.…
The revolutions that took place in the United States, France, Haiti, and Latin America were all influenced by one another. The main political idea was that of popular sovereignty. This was the idea that the authority to govern comes from the people. This strayed from the ideals that the right to govern comes from God or tradition. The main group that benefited from these revolutions was middle class white males; except in Haiti. Long term, the revolutions gave many groups the ammunition needed to fight for political rights they previously did not have.…
The basic components and goals of a liberalist government are the progressive ideas of an individuals liberty and equality. An individual is more important than the state as well as being rational and capable of making their own decisions which helps the individual be independent. People aren't afraid of change due to the possible progress in political affairs. Another component is that economic inequality is not bad because economic freedom is more important than economic equality. Franklin Roosevelt established the Social Security Act which established a federal pension and unemployment insurance system. It also met the goals of ideology as it still exists today.…
At this time Liberal meant supporting freer trade (still almost a hundred years until actual free trade) and less government interference in the economy. This made the liberal party very popular during prosperous times because when businesses are booming, the less government management, the longer…
Revolution: an overthrow or repudiation and the thorough replacement of an established government or political system by the people governed (Dictionary.com). This definition explains what a revolution is, but not the many reasons of why it happens. Every revolution in history has happened because people were being treated poorly and felt the need to fix their quality of life, so they rebelled against their government. Most revolutions were won and people gained many new freedoms & liberties, and new governments were put in place to uphold better rights. Some failed as well in their fight for more freedoms; yet these still affected history, and some change or progress was still made. Three key revolutions that had great impacts on the world were the American Revolution of 1776 (which started in 1763), the French Revolution of 1789, and the German Revolution of 1848. All three revolutions had major gains and even some losses that shaped not only their history, but the rest of the world for years to come.…