Preview

Human Testing Research Paper

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
2079 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Human Testing Research Paper
Humans in experimentation: such an abstract ideal to wrap one’s head around. Movies portray such experiments with extreme dissections, and advanced technology. Experiments concluding of tests that test capabilities of humans physically and mentally, to observe how much the body reacts to such actions. Experiments that are physically painful, as well as torturous to the subject participating in the event. Many of these portrayed experiments seem quite extreme to become a reality, however there are many reported cases of human experimentation that exists within our society, to this day. Nonetheless, there are many cases containing issues with human rights, as some experiments pass the line from moral to unethical. Emphasizing the importance …show more content…
The Nuremberg Code, for example, is a set of guidelines that formulate moral rights humans have that participate in human experimentation. Rights that conclude of how humans should be in experiments that “... avoid all unnecessary physical and mental suffering and injury.” (The Nuremberg 2) Another rule in such experiments is that Research Ethic Committees (RECs) must have involvement each experiment or the experiment is considered unethical and cannot be done. These committees provide a professional and lay view to each experiment and scrutinise each experiment to rule if an experiment is ethical or not. (Wrigley 3) This provides a sense of morality since RECs try to protect the well being of human subjects and will normally not let unethical experiments be conducted. Another group similar to RECs are Institutional Review Boards (IRB), which also validate the morality of experiments one conducts on humans by reviewing panels at research institutions. This board comprises of people that come from the professions of law, the clergy, and home-keeping which have the power to modify, approve and reject research experiments. (What 1-2) These rules ensure the safety of each human subject with specific guidelines or rules and groups protecting the well being of such participating in such …show more content…
After these injections, the subjects were admitted to the actual disease to see its effects. This experiment was co-authored by Dr. Jonas Salk, who became famous for inventing the polio vaccine. (Stobbe 1) A population of mentally disabled people were subjected to experimentation just due to the fact they were disadvantaged compared to the average human being, and they didn’t deserve a say in whether or not they wanted to participate in such a practice. A vaccine that may have worked was injected to these people, then they were exposed to this deadly disease. If there was a case that this drug didn’t work, these poor people would be infected with the flu. This also shows how an inventor of a vaccine may take advantage of the vulnerable populations in a malevolent spirit just to get the results. Usually experiments like these are supposed to help infected patients with the disease already, not physically healthy

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    disfigurement, or permanent disability. These experiments include: Experiments on twins, Bone, muscle, and nerve transplantation experiments, Head injury experiments, Freezing experiments, Malaria experiments, Immunization experiments, Mustard gas experiments, Sulfonamide experiments, Seawater experiments, Sterilization and Fertility experiments, Experiments with poison, Incendiary bomb experiments, High altitude experiments, and Blood coagulation experiments. These experiments are too scary to explain.…

    • 931 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    In the past, scientists have done very unwise and unimaginable experiments with humans as the test subject. Like in 1932, the public health service was working to find treatment for syphilis in the african american race.They had 600 black men, 399 with syphilis and 201 that did not have the disease. Without the patient's knowing that they were contracted with syphilis, scientists told the men that they were being treated for “bad blood”. But really they were not given the right treatment to cure their illness. Also in exchange the men received free medical exams, free meals, and burial insurance, which is like life insurance. But in 1968 this research raised concern for peter buxton and others, so they wrote a news article about what these…

    • 617 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    When we think of medical research and testing, we know that it is a necessary part of the advancement of medicine. When research involves human subjects, we assume that all subjects are being treated morally, and that the researchers will be conducting the studies with respect to the subject’s natural rights as a human being. History shows us that medical studies have not always been conducted this way. The Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital, The Tuskegee Syphilis experiments, and the Hepatitis studies at the Willowbrook State School, are a few examples of highly unethical research studies that have previously been conducted. Willowbrook State School may be one of the hardest to consider ethically, because it involved studying children.…

    • 1414 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Scientific experiments are performed as a way for humans to understand more about the world in which they live and themselves. However, the thirst for such knowledge has often resulted in ignoring the ethical implications of such experiments and thus has resulted in some of the worst human rights violations. In 1973 the Senate Subcommittee on Health held a series of hearings in an attempt to tackle the conundrum of risk versus reward in medicine and human experimentation. Much knowledge has been reaped from these experiments that have resulted in medicine being able to improve the quality and lifespan of many people’s lives. However, a lot of this knowledge has been gained through the sacrifices of others and sometimes these sacrifices were not made willingly. Thirty years later, Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go attempts to tackle the same conundrum by posing a question to readers that all experimenters…

    • 1683 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    The morals that exist in research are protecting each individual including humans and animals. Also that the individual has given consent to participate in the research project. Ensuring that any personal information is kept confidential, and that nobody from the public can enter or see that piece of personal information. Also, stipulating that the plan for any research project is subjected to independent scrutiny by experts. Although codes of ethics are written, they’re not rules but simply to set boundaries of what is and what isn’t acceptable when conducting research. The four ethical principles in research are:…

    • 2093 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Since the beginning of the 20th century some form of high stakes standardized testing has existed in the United States. Test use has ranged from determining acceptance or rejection of an immigrant to enter the U.S. to declaring a citizen competent to enter the military. So, for nearly a century, high stakes testing has had significant rewards and consequences associated with it. Standardized testing of student comprehension and competency has long been involved with K-12 education, but has lacked the association with high stakes. In 1983, the National Commission on Education released "A Nation At Risk", "which called for an end to the minimum competency testing movement and beginning of high stakes testing movement that would raise the nation's standards of achievement drastically". Within the last decade many policymakers have adopted legislatures in their own states requiring the use of high stakes testing to help determine accountability in their school systems. Many times these high stakes tests determine whether a student advances to the next grade level or even graduates high school. The American Psychological Association (APA) states that the potential problem with current increased emphasis on high stakes testing is not necessarily the test per se, but the instances when tests have unintended and potentially negative consequences for individual students, groups of students, or the…

    • 1121 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Most students don’t really want to take state tests, but they have no choice. These tests, such as AIR, determine if students graduate. While what will determine if a kid graduates is the big question mostly asked, the tests determine if kids graduate because there is not enough time in the school year to teach all of the curriculum, it is not helping the kids with learning disabilities, and the tests do not line up with the standards. I believe that’s not fair for all of the kids who actually do really bad on test but may be an all around good kid. Freshmen year I did not try and i’m guessing others didn’t try either. Plus, standardized tests don’t help the kids with a slower learning disability or a kid who doesn’t understand how…

    • 649 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Animal Testing Speech

    • 513 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Animal testing, is also known as animal experiments in the act of using non-human animals in research, to develop projects or scientific experiments. Statistics show that each year, there are millions of animals such as cats, dogs, mice, rats, ferret, hamsters and monkeys that experience mental and physical torture due to scientific research. Although most people agree that animal testing is horrible and cruel, there are few who this is it necessary to find new medicines. During the experiments, the animals are forced to inhale or sallow large amounts of test substances. Which are often found to be poisonous and toxic. The largest concern, is that animals are being used in experiments and not humans. Meaning that the results might or might not be useful for all the humans. Million of animals are suffering from poor conditions of living, and then to…

    • 513 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Animal testing and experimentation in laboratories is always the form of animal cruelty that touches many hearts. This refers to animals being used in scientific experiments, such as medical, pharmaceutical, and commercial testing. These tests can be very dangerous for animals to partake; many animals are tortured and even killed in these procedures. It is estimated that over 70 million animals are tortured and killed in U.S. laboratories annually. This number has decreased over years due to stricter controls, scientific advances, and higher…

    • 617 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Due to advanced technology, scientists have found many new options for testing that avoid animal cruelty. Over the years scientists have found testing on Lab-grown cells and organs to be a great alternative to animal testing. This is commonly used for testing cosmetics and some believe if this method continues to develop, animal testing will eventually decrease in popularity and be seen as unnecessary. Another option is human clinical tests. These tests consist of humans voluntarily trying new drugs, biological products, and medical devices. Although there are risks of the experiment causing harm or injury, keep in mind that these clinical tests are voluntary and us humans have the choice, unlike…

    • 620 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    In discussions of students with disabilities and their academic success, a controversial issue is weather or not students with identified learning disabilities should be required to participate in high stakes testing. While some argue that all students should be held to the same academic standards, regardless of their disability, others believe that these tests are too difficult for some students, namely – those with learning disabilities. Although it may not seem unfair to hold all students to the same academic standard, the reality is that not all students are exposed to the same content, that being the content that must be learned in order to pass most standardized tests. In an article published by Great Schools Staff they stated, “While every state is required to have high academic standards that are the same for every student, we know that many students with disabilities are not yet being taught to those standards.”…

    • 1289 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The original intentions behind The Nuremberg Code, which some credit as being the first set of ethical guidelines for the conduct of biomedical research, were to not only prevent the cruelty of the experiments mentioned during the Nuremberg Trials from being repeated, but also to have a future set of rules for investigators to be able to follow, and potentially prosecute, if it came it came to it again. While it is often regarded as being the first document of its kind, The Nuremberg Code was very heavily based in the Guidelines for Human Experimentation of 1931 (1931 Guidelines): a trend that has continued with each new set of ethical guidelines that is produced. The Nuremberg Code paved the way for the subsequent set of ethical guidelines,…

    • 1127 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Imagine being confined to a cold cage, no bigger than you, without family, or friends, watching, as one by one, your compatriots leaving, but never come back, waiting silently for your turn. Good morning audience of the Federal Youth Parliament, this is what many animals endure before their final moments, tortured, hurt, and isolated. Animal experimenting is a national system of sadistic torture, vivisection, and genocide, which has been carried out for generations under the disguise of “medical research” and definitely must be stopped. The three main reasons for banning this grotesque science are: present experimentation is currently not species specific therefore results are inaccurate, killing for beauty is not worth it, and animals are more useful alive.…

    • 584 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Every year, millions of animals suffer through painful and unnecessary tests. Animals in laboratories all over the world live lives of deprivation, pain, isolation, and torture. Even though vast studies show that animal experimentation often lacks validity, leading to harmful human reactions, we still continue to use this method of experimentation, while many other less-expensive and more beneficial alternatives exist. Going beyond the issue of animal experimentation being morally wrong, this form of research is also hindering medical progress. Although the use of animals in laboratories is said to be necessary for the welfare and health of humans, people mistakenly believe that this immoral and unscientific method of experimentation is essential in curing human illnesses.…

    • 939 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Humanity Vs Trial-Error

    • 110 Words
    • 1 Page

    Unfortunately this video is a clear image of what has always happened throughout time, humanity is nothing more than a trial-error experiment. However, I think the real topic of discussion is the lack of disclosure to the patients receiving the vaccine as well as the option to opt out of the experiment or even get better treatment. What happened then, and what happens now, I think are clear examples of how experiments or studies have progressed throughout the years or well, at least the ones we are aware of, because theres no doubt in my head that experiments like those are still going on if not here, in other…

    • 110 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays