Hundred Years War Causes

1. The underlying and precipitating causes of the Hundred Years’ War were a struggle for national identity as well as control of territory between the English and the French. King Edward III had land and power in France and the French King, Philip the Fair, wanted this land to be given back to France. The French and English both had advantages during the war. The French had three times the population of England, were a wealthier country, and they were fighting on their homeland. England’s primary advantage was that France was struggling to make a transition from a fragmented feudal society to a centralized monarchal state and they could not raise enough money for the war. England also had better technology and weapons, such as the longbow.
The Black Death was caused by a disease transmitted from rats on trade ships, but this disease was especially powerful and spread very quickly because individuals in Europe were vulnerable to infection after years of overpopulation, economic problems, and famine. The disease also spread quickly because it was highly contagious. By just sneezing you could pass the disease to another person. The Black Death was most virulent at ports and in cities where there was significant trade. The Black Death had a terrible effect on European society and wiped out approximately one- third of the population. As a result, fewer people worked, wages increased, and people started leaving farms for better jobs in skilled artisanal industries which had the effect of weakening the nobility who owned the farms and eventual urbanization. The Black Death had major effects on society, religion, culture, and the economic affairs of Europe. In general, disease is very important in changing the course of history. Without disease happening we wouldn’t have remedies and cures in the future to prevent them. It is important for the future so that eventually it can
The movement emerged in response to the Western Schism between rival popes in Rome and Avignon. Conciliarism was a setback for the papacy because they were left with reduced power. There were two strategies to try to unite the church. One strategy was to have both popes resign which would clear the way for an election of a new pope. The other strategy was to get either one to resign. The church was somewhat reunited after the Council of Constance and the new election of Pope Martin V after the other popes had