Hurricane Sandy Research Paper
Geography Assignment
Sandy The Storm
Lily Grant
Introduction and aim of the report:
The aim of this report is to research and explain the effects and happenings of the hurricane sandy. In my report I will be explaining how big sandy was, how many people she affected and heaps more. The aim of this report will be to give you more unknown information on Sandy. For my report I have chosen hurricane Sandy, Sandy was a big hit. When Sandy hit it took people many years to recover from the category 3 hurricane. Sandy hit the United States, and a few places around it.
Report Findings:
Location
Sandy the hurricane hit the United States of America, Hurricane Sandy Affected areas in pacific; Eastern Canada, Greater Antilles, Eastern United …show more content…
States, Bermuda, Bahamas. Sandy the hurricane spreader itself out to cover multiple area around the United States.
Figure 1:
This figure shows where the hurricane was travelling to and how far it travelled
Figure 1:
This figure shows where the hurricane was travelling to and how far it travelled
Measurement, Size and Frequency:
How are hurricanes categorized? Hurricanes are measured by how much damage is made, how strong the hurricane is and what speed the hurricane ranges in. here is some category information this category information show the speed the hurricane has to be within to achieve categories, it also says what the effects of a category 1,2,3,and 4 hurricane will be.“Category 1: Winds 74-95 mph - Damaging winds are expected. Effects: No real damage to building structures. Damage primarily, loose of mobile homes, plants/crops, and trees. “Category 2: Winds 96-110 mph - Very strong winds will produce wide spreading damage. Effects: roofing material doors windows and damage to most buildings. Significant damage to vegetation, mobile homes, and sometimes people may be harmed as well. Category 3: Winds 111-130 mph - Dangerous winds will cause wide-ranging damage. Effects: structural damage to small residences and utility buildings. Category 4: Winds 131-155 mph - Extremely dangerous winds causing devastating damage are expected.” Effects roofing structures will fail on small residences. Major destruction of beach. Major damage to lower floors of buildings near the shore.“ (http://www.examiner.com/article/hurricanes-101-how-are-hurricanes-categorized 29thof July 2013)”.America has a season for hurricanes, this season is when the expect most hurricane to hit according to NOOA website the main hurricane season begins June 1 and goes all the way to November. Around about11hurricanes come with in this time, and up to six of those could be major hurricanes with winds of 111 miles per hour or more. Most people say to check before you go on holiday there, the saying is “Know Before You Go!”. the seaside of the United States comes under risk from the brutal winds and floodwaters from the hurricanes that would have formed. Some of the worst hurricanes that have hit somewhere in America are: in 2004 Hurricane Charley, Charley hit Florida as a category 2, in 1992 Hurricane Andrew hit America but many Florida, Andrew was a category 5 when it hit the surface, and in 1935 Florida keys labor day hurricane, was formed to the east of the Bahamas and hit the United states as a category 5. This information shows that America does take a lot of hits, and sandy was one that they got hit by the category 3 hurricane on October 22, 2012 – October 31, 2012 America was hit badly most of there main states had been hit including Eastern Canada, Eastern America and many more. Hurricanes normally last for a duration of 2-4 2weeks approximately, they normally don’t last more than 4 weeks.
Figure 2: this figure shows a basic outline of a hurricane it shows the eye, eye wall, rain shield and the spiral rain bands
Figure 2: this figure shows a basic outline of a hurricane it shows the eye, eye wall, rain shield and the spiral rain bands
How the Natural Meteorological disaster forms? Hurricanes form over warm tropical waters. When the warm air near the surface rises it causes pressure which then makes it drop back down to the surface. A sort of chain like reaction then occurs by the surrounding warm air rushing into the cooler air, as more of the surrounding air rushes to take its place this then causes the hurricane, because of the mixing of the to different temperature air. There are a few parts of a hurricane there is the Spiral Rain Bands the eye the eye wall and the Rain shield. The eye is the part when everyone thinks it is almost over when it has hardly begun.
Impacts:
Hurricane sandy had a consistent amount of impact on the country of the United States, hurricane sandy wasn’t the worst of the hurricanes but wasn’t the littlest either. Hurricane sandy last for around 2-3, and the recovery for some people is still happening. Hurricane sandy was a category 3 and in the ranks it says a category 3 can cause flooding, structure damage, and loses of lives.
Social Impacts:
Hurricane Sandy was a category 3 hurricane, sandy killed 285 people in the United States and made around 200,000 people homeless. During hurricane sandy at least 346,000 homes were damaged and or destroyed meaning that a lot! Of people have lost their homes and all of their prized precessions, and or maybe family members. After the hurricane there was a 30 million dollars spent in repairs, to fix objects including housing and beaches. * 285 people died in sandy the hurricane * Sandy affected a lot of community’s closing schools and many people dying * They don’t know how many people where injured but I think just a few 100 people were inquired * Around 200,000 homeless became homeless * Hurricane sandy effect many states in the United States meaning a lot of life’s lost * 346,000 homes were damaged or destroyed * 30 million dollars spent to fix objects that had been destroyed
Environmental Impacts:
During the hurricane, sandy made multiple effects to the environment for example 378,000 gallons of diesel oil was spilled effecting the water and polluting the air and affecting animals and humans. 44 of 50 state parks where damaged, trees where blown over and parks were flooded. 6.2 million cubic yards of debris was left behind in New Jersey after Hurricane Sandy. Sandy had many environmental impacts on America which only a few have been listed bellow: * 6.2 million cubic yards of debris was left behind in New Jersey after Hurricane Sandy. * 378,000 gallons of diesel oil spilled * Animals and food produce lost * 44 of 50 state parks where damaged * Flooding many tunnels and damaging electrical equipment * Extreme winds
Figure 4: this figure is a photo graph which was taking in the scene of the storm-destroying the pier off the New Jersey coast.
Figure 4: this figure is a photo graph which was taking in the scene of the storm-destroying the pier off the New Jersey coast.
Figure 3: this figure shows the total recovery cost, which rose up to $25.1 Billion
Figure 3: this figure shows the total recovery cost, which rose up to $25.1 Billion
Economic Impacts
Sandy the hurricane had multiple economical impacts one of the main impacts where $10 billion to $20 billion in losses insured by private companies In a total at least $30 to $50 billion dollars lost in the National Flood and the main damage was to infrastructure utilities include roads, water and power causing people to live with no power for weeks. There are many more impacts listed bellow.
* $10 billion to $20 billion in losses insured by private companies * In a total at least $30 to $50 billion dollars lost in the National Flood Insurance Program * Property damage from wind, * Rain and flood, * And also including intangibles such as business interruption and additional living expenses. * Damage to infrastructure utilities include roads, water and power” * “Caused heaps of people to move/evacuate from the United states”
Management of the selected natural meteorological disaster
How different groups managed the selected natural meteorological disaster
When sandy hit there weren’t many who where prepared for the hit, a lot of the shop owners weren’t ready therefore their stores where destroyed.
More More tan 200 hundred people were killed during and after the storm, most of them were in America. Individual people prepared for the storm by making barriers with sandy bags, and by taping up all of there windows insuring that they don’t shatter, and destroy everything. Before sandy the hurricane hit there where about 50, thousand people who were preparing for the storm and the rest of the people weren’t. the governments sent out waring about sandy and told people to stay indoors and to evacuate or plan for a long stay in. there are 3 cortical steps to preparing for a hurricane, here are the main areas you should be checking; 1. Know your surroundings. You should know your surrounds so that you don’t go in the dangerous areas that may have trees that can fall 2. Make plans to secure your property. Cover all of your windows and make a barrier out of heavy sand bags
Figure 4, shows how people tape the windows when I storm is coming, you tape the windows this way so that they don’t crack or …show more content…
shatter.
Figure 4, shows how people tape the windows when I storm is coming, you tape the windows this way so that they don’t crack or shatter.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of management for the selected natural meteorological disaster and recommendations for future disasters
Prior to the hurricane sandy, the set up wasn’t how you think that it would I was expecting people to be evacuated and that they would send people into give a helping hand with setting up for the hurricane.
Red cross worked really hard to bring everyone back on to there feet to make sure they had some where to stay and the had food. Red cross said “Millions of people have been impacted by the storm, with many neighborhoods flooded, power outages and damaged homes. The huge storm left more than 100 people dead. Thousands of Red Cross staff and volunteers are working hard to get help where it is needed. And we are here to help those people.” Red cross and so many more, different places made a major difference in these peoples lives, they gave people a place to stay food water and clothing if it was needed with out red cross and so many more places people would still be cleaning up.red cross also put up medical care.
Figure 5: shows one of the red cross volunteer’s helping out with medical care
Figure 5: shows one of the red cross volunteer’s helping out with medical care
Recommendation For protection of windows and etc. you should use these products listed according to (http://www.bankrate.com/finance/insurance/11-ways-to-avoid-hurricane-damage-1.aspx ) * Plywood. * Fabric panels. * Hurricane straps. * Flood
barriers. * Storm panels. * Roll-down hurricane shutters. * Colonial shutters. * Accordion shutters. * Bahama shutters. * Garage door braces. * Hurricane glass.
All of these products are useful in the case of a hurricane. Even though there is no way to stop a hurricane individually you should definitely keep your house protected and keep everyone inside
Conclusion
This report was to research and explain the effects and happenings of the hurricane sandy. In this report hopefully explained how big sandy was, how many people she affected and heaps more. The aim of the report was to give you more unknown information on Sandy. I hope that my report and findings has given you more information on a maybe unknown hurricane
* "Hurricane Sandy pictures: 50 dramatic images of destruction - Telegraph." Telegraph.co.uk - Telegraph online, Daily Telegraph, Sunday Telegraph - Telegraph. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Aug. 2013. <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/worldnews/9644975/Hurricane-Sandy-pictures-50-dramatic-images-of-destruction.html>. * "Hurricane Season - Know Before You Go." Welcome to Travel.State.Gov. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Aug. 2013. <http://www.travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis_pa_tw_2915.html>. * "Hurricanes 101: How are hurricanes categorized? - National Tropical Travel | Examiner.com." Welcome to Examiner.com | Examiner.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Aug. 2013. <http://www.examiner.com/article/hurricanes-101-how-are-hurricanes-categorized>. * October&, the afternoon of. "Hurricane Sandy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Aug. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy>. * PARRY, WAYNE. "After Hurricane Sandy, Homeless Still Number In The Thousands In New York, New Jersey." Breaking News and Opinion on The Huffington Post. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Aug. 2013. <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/28/hurricane-sandy-homeless-homelessness_n_3174444.html>. * Subject. " How do hurricanes form? :: NASA's The Space Place." NASA's Space Place :: Home :: NASA's The Space Place. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Aug. 2013. <http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/hurricanes/>. * "Superstorm Sandy: before and after - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)." ABC.net.au. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Aug. 2013. <http://www.abc.net.au/news/specials/hurricane-sandy-before-after-photos/>. * contrast, in 2005, which racked up over $100 billion in losses, Hurricane Andrew, in 1992, and which generated $46 billion in inflation-adjusted losses. "The Economic Impact of Hurricane Sandy - Economic Intelligence (usnews.com)." US News & World Report | News & Rankings | Best Colleges, Best Hospitals, and more. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Aug. 2013. <http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2012/11/02/the-economic-impact-of-hurricane-sandy>. "policy." The Economic and Fiscal Impacts of Hurricane Sandy in New Jersey. N.p., 4 Feb. 2013. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. <policy.rutgers.edu/reports/rrr/RRR34jan13
"Biking NYC in the Wake of Hurricane Sandy - velojoy." HOME - velojoy. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Aug. 2013. <http://velojoy.com/2012/11/02/biking-nyc-after-hurricane-sandy/>.
http://www.examiner.com/article/hurricanes-101-how-are-hurricanes-categorized
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/worldnews/9644975/Hurricane-Sandy-pictures-50-dramatic-images-of-destruction.html
http://www.abc.net.au/news/specials/hurricane-sandy-before-after-photos/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy
http://www.travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis_pa_tw_2915.html
http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/hurricanes/
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/28/hurricane-sandy-homeless-homelessness_n_3174444.html
http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2012/11/02/the-economic-impact-of-hurricane-sandy
http://policy.rutgers.edu/reports/rrr/RRR34jan13.pdf
http://www.bankrate.com/finance/insurance/11-ways-to-avoid-hurricane-damage-1.aspx
Sandy The Storm
Lily Grant
Introduction and aim of the report:
The aim of this report is to research and explain the effects and happenings of the hurricane sandy. In my report I will be explaining how big sandy was, how many people she affected and heaps more. The aim of this report will be to give you more unknown information on Sandy. For my report I have chosen hurricane Sandy, Sandy was a big hit. When Sandy hit it took people many years to recover from the category 3 hurricane. Sandy hit the United States, and a few places around it.
Report Findings:
Location
Sandy the hurricane hit the United States of America, Hurricane Sandy Affected areas in pacific; Eastern Canada, Greater Antilles, Eastern United …show more content…
States, Bermuda, Bahamas. Sandy the hurricane spreader itself out to cover multiple area around the United States.
Figure 1:
This figure shows where the hurricane was travelling to and how far it travelled
Figure 1:
This figure shows where the hurricane was travelling to and how far it travelled
Measurement, Size and Frequency:
How are hurricanes categorized? Hurricanes are measured by how much damage is made, how strong the hurricane is and what speed the hurricane ranges in. here is some category information this category information show the speed the hurricane has to be within to achieve categories, it also says what the effects of a category 1,2,3,and 4 hurricane will be.“Category 1: Winds 74-95 mph - Damaging winds are expected. Effects: No real damage to building structures. Damage primarily, loose of mobile homes, plants/crops, and trees. “Category 2: Winds 96-110 mph - Very strong winds will produce wide spreading damage. Effects: roofing material doors windows and damage to most buildings. Significant damage to vegetation, mobile homes, and sometimes people may be harmed as well. Category 3: Winds 111-130 mph - Dangerous winds will cause wide-ranging damage. Effects: structural damage to small residences and utility buildings. Category 4: Winds 131-155 mph - Extremely dangerous winds causing devastating damage are expected.” Effects roofing structures will fail on small residences. Major destruction of beach. Major damage to lower floors of buildings near the shore.“ (http://www.examiner.com/article/hurricanes-101-how-are-hurricanes-categorized 29thof July 2013)”.America has a season for hurricanes, this season is when the expect most hurricane to hit according to NOOA website the main hurricane season begins June 1 and goes all the way to November. Around about11hurricanes come with in this time, and up to six of those could be major hurricanes with winds of 111 miles per hour or more. Most people say to check before you go on holiday there, the saying is “Know Before You Go!”. the seaside of the United States comes under risk from the brutal winds and floodwaters from the hurricanes that would have formed. Some of the worst hurricanes that have hit somewhere in America are: in 2004 Hurricane Charley, Charley hit Florida as a category 2, in 1992 Hurricane Andrew hit America but many Florida, Andrew was a category 5 when it hit the surface, and in 1935 Florida keys labor day hurricane, was formed to the east of the Bahamas and hit the United states as a category 5. This information shows that America does take a lot of hits, and sandy was one that they got hit by the category 3 hurricane on October 22, 2012 – October 31, 2012 America was hit badly most of there main states had been hit including Eastern Canada, Eastern America and many more. Hurricanes normally last for a duration of 2-4 2weeks approximately, they normally don’t last more than 4 weeks.
Figure 2: this figure shows a basic outline of a hurricane it shows the eye, eye wall, rain shield and the spiral rain bands
Figure 2: this figure shows a basic outline of a hurricane it shows the eye, eye wall, rain shield and the spiral rain bands
How the Natural Meteorological disaster forms? Hurricanes form over warm tropical waters. When the warm air near the surface rises it causes pressure which then makes it drop back down to the surface. A sort of chain like reaction then occurs by the surrounding warm air rushing into the cooler air, as more of the surrounding air rushes to take its place this then causes the hurricane, because of the mixing of the to different temperature air. There are a few parts of a hurricane there is the Spiral Rain Bands the eye the eye wall and the Rain shield. The eye is the part when everyone thinks it is almost over when it has hardly begun.
Impacts:
Hurricane sandy had a consistent amount of impact on the country of the United States, hurricane sandy wasn’t the worst of the hurricanes but wasn’t the littlest either. Hurricane sandy last for around 2-3, and the recovery for some people is still happening. Hurricane sandy was a category 3 and in the ranks it says a category 3 can cause flooding, structure damage, and loses of lives.
Social Impacts:
Hurricane Sandy was a category 3 hurricane, sandy killed 285 people in the United States and made around 200,000 people homeless. During hurricane sandy at least 346,000 homes were damaged and or destroyed meaning that a lot! Of people have lost their homes and all of their prized precessions, and or maybe family members. After the hurricane there was a 30 million dollars spent in repairs, to fix objects including housing and beaches. * 285 people died in sandy the hurricane * Sandy affected a lot of community’s closing schools and many people dying * They don’t know how many people where injured but I think just a few 100 people were inquired * Around 200,000 homeless became homeless * Hurricane sandy effect many states in the United States meaning a lot of life’s lost * 346,000 homes were damaged or destroyed * 30 million dollars spent to fix objects that had been destroyed
Environmental Impacts:
During the hurricane, sandy made multiple effects to the environment for example 378,000 gallons of diesel oil was spilled effecting the water and polluting the air and affecting animals and humans. 44 of 50 state parks where damaged, trees where blown over and parks were flooded. 6.2 million cubic yards of debris was left behind in New Jersey after Hurricane Sandy. Sandy had many environmental impacts on America which only a few have been listed bellow: * 6.2 million cubic yards of debris was left behind in New Jersey after Hurricane Sandy. * 378,000 gallons of diesel oil spilled * Animals and food produce lost * 44 of 50 state parks where damaged * Flooding many tunnels and damaging electrical equipment * Extreme winds
Figure 4: this figure is a photo graph which was taking in the scene of the storm-destroying the pier off the New Jersey coast.
Figure 4: this figure is a photo graph which was taking in the scene of the storm-destroying the pier off the New Jersey coast.
Figure 3: this figure shows the total recovery cost, which rose up to $25.1 Billion
Figure 3: this figure shows the total recovery cost, which rose up to $25.1 Billion
Economic Impacts
Sandy the hurricane had multiple economical impacts one of the main impacts where $10 billion to $20 billion in losses insured by private companies In a total at least $30 to $50 billion dollars lost in the National Flood and the main damage was to infrastructure utilities include roads, water and power causing people to live with no power for weeks. There are many more impacts listed bellow.
* $10 billion to $20 billion in losses insured by private companies * In a total at least $30 to $50 billion dollars lost in the National Flood Insurance Program * Property damage from wind, * Rain and flood, * And also including intangibles such as business interruption and additional living expenses. * Damage to infrastructure utilities include roads, water and power” * “Caused heaps of people to move/evacuate from the United states”
Management of the selected natural meteorological disaster
How different groups managed the selected natural meteorological disaster
When sandy hit there weren’t many who where prepared for the hit, a lot of the shop owners weren’t ready therefore their stores where destroyed.
More More tan 200 hundred people were killed during and after the storm, most of them were in America. Individual people prepared for the storm by making barriers with sandy bags, and by taping up all of there windows insuring that they don’t shatter, and destroy everything. Before sandy the hurricane hit there where about 50, thousand people who were preparing for the storm and the rest of the people weren’t. the governments sent out waring about sandy and told people to stay indoors and to evacuate or plan for a long stay in. there are 3 cortical steps to preparing for a hurricane, here are the main areas you should be checking; 1. Know your surroundings. You should know your surrounds so that you don’t go in the dangerous areas that may have trees that can fall 2. Make plans to secure your property. Cover all of your windows and make a barrier out of heavy sand bags
Figure 4, shows how people tape the windows when I storm is coming, you tape the windows this way so that they don’t crack or …show more content…
shatter.
Figure 4, shows how people tape the windows when I storm is coming, you tape the windows this way so that they don’t crack or shatter.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of management for the selected natural meteorological disaster and recommendations for future disasters
Prior to the hurricane sandy, the set up wasn’t how you think that it would I was expecting people to be evacuated and that they would send people into give a helping hand with setting up for the hurricane.
Red cross worked really hard to bring everyone back on to there feet to make sure they had some where to stay and the had food. Red cross said “Millions of people have been impacted by the storm, with many neighborhoods flooded, power outages and damaged homes. The huge storm left more than 100 people dead. Thousands of Red Cross staff and volunteers are working hard to get help where it is needed. And we are here to help those people.” Red cross and so many more, different places made a major difference in these peoples lives, they gave people a place to stay food water and clothing if it was needed with out red cross and so many more places people would still be cleaning up.red cross also put up medical care.
Figure 5: shows one of the red cross volunteer’s helping out with medical care
Figure 5: shows one of the red cross volunteer’s helping out with medical care
Recommendation For protection of windows and etc. you should use these products listed according to (http://www.bankrate.com/finance/insurance/11-ways-to-avoid-hurricane-damage-1.aspx ) * Plywood. * Fabric panels. * Hurricane straps. * Flood
barriers. * Storm panels. * Roll-down hurricane shutters. * Colonial shutters. * Accordion shutters. * Bahama shutters. * Garage door braces. * Hurricane glass.
All of these products are useful in the case of a hurricane. Even though there is no way to stop a hurricane individually you should definitely keep your house protected and keep everyone inside
Conclusion
This report was to research and explain the effects and happenings of the hurricane sandy. In this report hopefully explained how big sandy was, how many people she affected and heaps more. The aim of the report was to give you more unknown information on Sandy. I hope that my report and findings has given you more information on a maybe unknown hurricane
* "Hurricane Sandy pictures: 50 dramatic images of destruction - Telegraph." Telegraph.co.uk - Telegraph online, Daily Telegraph, Sunday Telegraph - Telegraph. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Aug. 2013. <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/worldnews/9644975/Hurricane-Sandy-pictures-50-dramatic-images-of-destruction.html>. * "Hurricane Season - Know Before You Go." Welcome to Travel.State.Gov. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Aug. 2013. <http://www.travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis_pa_tw_2915.html>. * "Hurricanes 101: How are hurricanes categorized? - National Tropical Travel | Examiner.com." Welcome to Examiner.com | Examiner.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Aug. 2013. <http://www.examiner.com/article/hurricanes-101-how-are-hurricanes-categorized>. * October&, the afternoon of. "Hurricane Sandy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Aug. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy>. * PARRY, WAYNE. "After Hurricane Sandy, Homeless Still Number In The Thousands In New York, New Jersey." Breaking News and Opinion on The Huffington Post. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Aug. 2013. <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/28/hurricane-sandy-homeless-homelessness_n_3174444.html>. * Subject. " How do hurricanes form? :: NASA's The Space Place." NASA's Space Place :: Home :: NASA's The Space Place. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Aug. 2013. <http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/hurricanes/>. * "Superstorm Sandy: before and after - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)." ABC.net.au. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Aug. 2013. <http://www.abc.net.au/news/specials/hurricane-sandy-before-after-photos/>. * contrast, in 2005, which racked up over $100 billion in losses, Hurricane Andrew, in 1992, and which generated $46 billion in inflation-adjusted losses. "The Economic Impact of Hurricane Sandy - Economic Intelligence (usnews.com)." US News & World Report | News & Rankings | Best Colleges, Best Hospitals, and more. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Aug. 2013. <http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2012/11/02/the-economic-impact-of-hurricane-sandy>. "policy." The Economic and Fiscal Impacts of Hurricane Sandy in New Jersey. N.p., 4 Feb. 2013. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. <policy.rutgers.edu/reports/rrr/RRR34jan13
"Biking NYC in the Wake of Hurricane Sandy - velojoy." HOME - velojoy. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Aug. 2013. <http://velojoy.com/2012/11/02/biking-nyc-after-hurricane-sandy/>.
http://www.examiner.com/article/hurricanes-101-how-are-hurricanes-categorized
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/worldnews/9644975/Hurricane-Sandy-pictures-50-dramatic-images-of-destruction.html
http://www.abc.net.au/news/specials/hurricane-sandy-before-after-photos/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy
http://www.travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis_pa_tw_2915.html
http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/hurricanes/
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/28/hurricane-sandy-homeless-homelessness_n_3174444.html
http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2012/11/02/the-economic-impact-of-hurricane-sandy
http://policy.rutgers.edu/reports/rrr/RRR34jan13.pdf
http://www.bankrate.com/finance/insurance/11-ways-to-avoid-hurricane-damage-1.aspx