Hydraulic Fracturing and Its Concern Today
Arthur E. Underwood IV
Hydraulic Fracturing and Why It’s a Concern Today
DeVry University
Professor Joseph Smith
Laws 310-The Legal Environment
Table of Contents
Page 3: Introduction, Process of Hydraulic Fracturing
Page 4: Continuing Explanation of Hydraulic Fracturing, France and Hydraulic Fracturing
Page 5: Executive Orders, Fracking Jobs
Page 6: Fracking Jobs and Fracking Taxes
Page 7: Transportation Costs of Fracking on a Community
Page 8: Environmental Issues
Page 9: Closure
Hydraulic Fracturing and Why It’s a Concern Today.
Hydraulic fracturing, commonly referred to as fracking, has been a hot topic of debate in the United States of America since its inception in 1947 and first well drill in 1949. The United States was the first country to perform hydraulic fracturing to tap into a previously unavailable resource, natural gases deep underground in very small micro veins that spider web across a large area. The concerns are, and have included, most importantly health concerns and tax revenues. Controversy and a big difference between the local citizens and the oil companies has brought this topic to a heated debate. Citizens become increasingly concerned about health issues and damaged environments. Therefore discussing these subjects is becoming increasingly difficult.
Hydraulic Fracturing is a process in which an oil company will drill into the earths crust to the layer of earth where extremely small veins of natural gases and oil are trapped. These layers of gases are typically unavailable, as they are not naturally bound together in a well like the larger oil reserves are found in the Middle East and in the ocean. Instead of merely drilling down to a depth and pumping up crude oil and venting natural gases they must use technology to open the veins and crevices and seep these gases and hydrocarbon slowly to a well. Instead, the oil companies mix water with sand and sometimes chemicals like acids, and inject the water into the
Hydraulic Fracturing and Why It’s a Concern Today
DeVry University
Professor Joseph Smith
Laws 310-The Legal Environment
Table of Contents
Page 3: Introduction, Process of Hydraulic Fracturing
Page 4: Continuing Explanation of Hydraulic Fracturing, France and Hydraulic Fracturing
Page 5: Executive Orders, Fracking Jobs
Page 6: Fracking Jobs and Fracking Taxes
Page 7: Transportation Costs of Fracking on a Community
Page 8: Environmental Issues
Page 9: Closure
Hydraulic Fracturing and Why It’s a Concern Today.
Hydraulic fracturing, commonly referred to as fracking, has been a hot topic of debate in the United States of America since its inception in 1947 and first well drill in 1949. The United States was the first country to perform hydraulic fracturing to tap into a previously unavailable resource, natural gases deep underground in very small micro veins that spider web across a large area. The concerns are, and have included, most importantly health concerns and tax revenues. Controversy and a big difference between the local citizens and the oil companies has brought this topic to a heated debate. Citizens become increasingly concerned about health issues and damaged environments. Therefore discussing these subjects is becoming increasingly difficult.
Hydraulic Fracturing is a process in which an oil company will drill into the earths crust to the layer of earth where extremely small veins of natural gases and oil are trapped. These layers of gases are typically unavailable, as they are not naturally bound together in a well like the larger oil reserves are found in the Middle East and in the ocean. Instead of merely drilling down to a depth and pumping up crude oil and venting natural gases they must use technology to open the veins and crevices and seep these gases and hydrocarbon slowly to a well. Instead, the oil companies mix water with sand and sometimes chemicals like acids, and inject the water into the
Cited: Badkar, M. (2011, May 12). France to Ban Fracking. Business Insider, p. 1. Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/france-bans-fracking-2011-5 Foshner, M., Lemus, K., & Havens, K. (2012). The Economics of Hydraulic Fracturing. Retrieved from http://http://frackfreesprings.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Economic-Impacts-of-Fracking_PDF-1.pdf Kelsey, T. W., Sheilds, M., Radley, J. R., & Ward, M. (2011). Economic Impacts of Marcellus Shale in Pennsylvania: Employment and Income in 2009. Retrieved from Marcellus Shale Education & Training Center &Pennsylvania College of Technology and Penn State Extension website: http://http://www.shaletec.org/docs/EconomicImpactFINALAugust28.pdf Obama, B. (2012). Executive Order -- Supporting Safe and Responsible Development of Unconventional Domestic Natural Gas Resources | The White House. Retrieved from White House Office of the Press Secretary website: http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2012/04/13/executive-order-supporting-safe-and-responsible-development-unconvention Rumbach, A. (2011). Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier. Retrieved from http://www.stcplanning.org/usr/Program_Areas/Energy/Naturalgas_Resources/STC_RumbachMarcellusTourismFinal.pdf