Cheung, Yun Kul The Importance of Teaching Listening in the EFL Classroom 2010-08-28 24p. Guides – Classroom – Teacher English (Foreign Language); Listening Comprehension; Listening Skills; Second Language Instruction; Teaching Methods Teaching Listening Skills
This paper discusses the importance of listening comprehension in learning English as a foreign language (EFL) and argues that more emphasis should be given to listening comprehension. It cites significant research findings in second language acquisition and reviews the relationship between listening comprehension and language learning. Research suggests that listening is prerequisite to other language skills, speaking, reading, and writing, and listening should be the primary skill to be acquired in learning a new language. There are major reasons for applying the listeningfirst approach. Listening comprehension sets a foundation for the future acquisition of speaking. Emphasis on aural comprehension training, and relaxation of the requirement for oral production in the initial phase of instruction, fosters development of linguistic competence, and produces better results than those obtained through intensive oral practice.
I. INTRODUCTION Learning a foreign language is commonly associated with speaking that language, and learners are enamored with speaking the language immediately. As for teachers, they are more than likely to plunge students right into speaking. Children have months of listening to their native language before they even utter their first word. But when a person is taught a foreign language, he is expected to speak the language from day one. Listening should be the first and foremost skill to be acquired in learning a new language. Understanding spoken words is prerequisite to speaking, reading, and writing; comprehension should precede reproduction. Research has shown strong evidence that listening
References: Asher, J. J. (1986). Learning Another Language Through Actions: The Complete Teacher’s Guidebook (3rd ed.). Los Gatos, CA: Sky Oaks Productions. Asher, J. J., Kusudo, J., & Torre, R. (1974). Learning A Second Language through Commands: The Second Field Test. Modern Language Journal, 58(1-2), 2432. Bowen, J. D., Madsen, H., & Hilferty A. (1985). TESOL Techniques and Procedures. Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle Publishers. Bridgeman, B. & Harvey, A. (1998). Validity of the Language Proficiency Test. (ERIC No. ED 423242). Brown G. & Yule, G. (1983). Teaching the Spoken Language. New York, NY. Cambridge University Press Cayer, R. L., Green, J., & Baker, E. E., Jr. (1971). Listening and speaking in the English classroom: A collection of readings. New York, NY: Macmillan. Chastain, K. (1971). The Development of Modern Language Skills: Theory to Practice, 14, Language and Teacher - A Series in Applied Linguistics. Philadelphia, PA: CCD. Curtain, H. A. & Pesola, C. A. (1988). Language and children – making the match: Foreign language instruction in the elementary school. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Devine, T. G. (1982). Teaching study skills. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Dirven, R. & Oakeshott-Taylor, J. (1984). Listening Comprehension (Part I). Language Teaching: The International Abstracting Journal for Language teachers and Applied Linguistics, 17(4), 326-343. Dunkel, P. (1986). Developing listening fluency in L2: Theoretical principles and pedagogical consideration. Modern Language Journal, 70, 99-106. Gary, J. O. & Gary, N. (1981). Caution: Talking May be Dangerous to Your Linguistic Health. IRAL, 19(1), 1-14. Gilbert, M. B. (1988). Listening in school: I know you can hear me – But are you listening? Journal of the International Listening Association, 2, 121-132. Gilman, R. A. & Moody, L. M. (1984). Language learning background factors and ESL proficiency. Foreign Language Annals, 17, 331-334. Glisan, E. W. (1986). Total Physical Response: A Technique for Teaching All Skills in Spanish. Foreign Language Annals, 19(5), 419-427. 22 Goss, B. (1982). Listening as information processing. Communication Quarterly, 30(4), 304. James, C. J. (1984). Are You Listening? – The Practical Components of Listening Comprehension. Foreign Language Annals, 17(2), 129-133. Krashen, S. (1981). Second language acquisition and second language learning. New York, NY: Pergamon. Krashen, S. (1985). The Input Hypothesis: Issues and Implications. New York, NY: Longman. McDonough, S. H. (1999). Learner strategies. Language Teaching, 32, 1-18. Messick, S. (1996). Validity and washback in language testing. (ETS RR-96-17). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service. Morley, J. (1972). Improving aural comprehension. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. Murphy, J. M. (1991). Oral communication in TESOL: Integrating speaking, listening and pronunciation. TESOL Quarterly, 25, 51-75. Nida, E. A. (1972). Selective Listening, In H. Allen and R. Campbell (Eds.), Teaching English as a Second Language. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill International Book Company. Nord, J. (1981). Three Steps Leading to Listening Fluency: A Beginning. In Harris Winitz (Ed.), The Comprehension Approach to Foreign Language Instruction. Rowley, MA: Newbury House. Omaggio Hadley, A. C. (1993). Teaching language in context: Proficiency-oriented instruction. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle. O 'Malley, J. M., Chamot, A. U., & Kupper, L. (1989). Listening comprehension strategies in second language acquisition. Applied Linguistics, 10(4), 418-437. Park, S. (2002). Using multimedia to improve listening comprehension in the EFL classroom. English Language & Literature Teaching, 8(2), 105-115. Postovsky, V. A. (1974). Effects of Delay in Oral Practice at the Beginning of Second Language Learning. Modern Language Journal, 58(5-6), 229-238. Postovsky, V.A. (1975). On Paradoxes in Foreign Language Teaching. Modern Language Journal, 59(1), 18-21. Postovsky, V. A. (1981). The Priority of Aural Comprehension in the Language Acquisition Process. In H. Winitz (Ed.), The Comprehension Approach to Foreign Language Instruction. Rowley, MA: Newbury House. Purdy, M. (1997). Listening comprehension strategies in second language acquisition. Applied Linguistics, 10, 418-437. 23 Reeds, J. A., Winitz, H., & Garcia, P. A. (1977). A test of reading following comprehension training. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 15, 307-319. Richards, J. C. (1983). Listening Comprehension: Approach, Design, Procedures. TESOL Quarterly, 17(2), 219-240. Richards, J. C. (1987). Listening comprehension: Approach, Design, Procedures. TESOL Quarterly, 17(2), 219-240. Richards, J. C. (1990). The language teaching matrix. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. Ringbom, H. (1992). On L1 transfer in L2 comprehension and L2 production. Language Learning, 42, 85-112. Rivers, W. M. (1980). Listening Comprehension. In K. Croft (Ed.), Readings on English as a Second Language for Teachers and Teachers Trainees. Cambridge, MA: Winthrop Publishers Inc. Rivers, W. M. (1981). Teaching Foreign Language Skills. (2nd ed.), Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Rivers, W. M. & Temperley, M. S. (1978). A Practical Guide to the Teaching of English as a Second or Foreign Language. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Rost, M. (1991). Listening in action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Rubin, J. (1995). An overview to a guide for the teaching of second language listening. In D. J. Mendelsohn & J. Rubin (Eds.), A guide for the teaching of second language listening. San Diego, CA: Dominie Press, Inc. Scarcella, R. C. & Oxford, R. L. (1992). The tapestry of language learning: The individual in the communicative classroom. Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle. Valette, R. (1977). Modern Language Testing. New York, NY: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Winitz, H. (1981). The comprehension approach to foreign language instruction. Rowley, MA: Newbury House. Wolvin, A. D. & Coakley, D. G. (1988). Listening 3rd ed. Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown. 24