Insulin Lispro Dissociates Lab Report

INTRODUCTION
Our body produces vast amount of hormones to regulate the biochemical processes. One of the crucial hormones which act in endocrine system is the insulin. It is a small protein containing 2 chains of 51 amino acids where A chain with 21 amino acids and B chain with 30 amino acids link together by a disulphide bond. It is produced by the beta cells in pancreatic islets to maintain the blood glucose at optimum level. When there is a rise of glucose in the blood especially after meals, insulin works to convert glucose into glycogen by glycogenesis as well as into lipid by lipogenesis.
However, in people with type 1 diabetes, their body are not able to supply sufficient insulin for converting the glucose into glycogen as the storage
It is then absorbed quickly and starts to work within 5 to 15 minute. The peak activity which is the time of maximum activity for the insulin to lower the blood glucose level is reached on the first hour after the injection and the effects of rapid-acting insulin last for 2 to 5 hours. After this period the therapeutic effects will declines rapidly, so it is mainly useful around mealtimes. Insulin Lispro may be combined with intermediate or longer-acting insulin for a longer period of blood glucose control. [1][3]
b) Insulin Aspart, Novolog
The active ingredient of Novolog is insulin Aspart. It is produced by substitution of amino acid proline at B28 by negatively-charged aspartic acid. This modification has decreased the interaction between proline at B28 and glycine at B23 and therefore prevent the self-aggregation. When insulin Aspart is injected, it acts within 10 to 20 minutes and reaches peak activity at 40-50 minutes. The action will last for between 3 and 5 hours after injected subcutaneously. It may be injected before or immediately after the meals to ensure strict control of post-prandial blood glucose levels. [1][3]
c) Insulin Glulisine,
It precipitates in the neutral pH in the body and slowly dissociates from the crystalline depot to continuously control the blood glucose. Insulin Glargine takes 1 to 1 ½ hours to show the action. There is no peak time for the maximum activity as the insulin is delivered at a steady state in the body and the action lasts for 20 to 24 hours. Thus, this insulin only be injected once a day subcutaneously and it should not be combined with other insulin in the same syringe to prevent contamination which will reduce the efficacy. This insulin is often combined with rapid-acting or short-acting insulin whenever necessary.