Ionic Bond

CHEMISTRY 1
(FSC 1114)
CHEMICAL BONDING
MOKAN A/L VELAN (SCPNG0000019030)
SANDEEP SINGH
JASPREET SINGH

TABLE OF CONTENT
Contents
IONIC BOND 2 METALLIC BOND 9 The "Sea of Electrons" Theory 14 Conductors, Insulators and Semiconductors 16 25

IONIC BOND
Ionic bond is formed when electron transferred from a valence shell of an atom to the valence shell of another atom. Ionic bond involves electron transfer across two atoms. The atom which donates the electron is called cation which is a positive ion whereas the atom which gains the electron is called anion which is a negative ion.
The opposite charge of cation and anion attract one another due to the electrostatic force which is formed between them. The formation of a ionic bond involves a metal and a non-metal. Thus it forms the ionic bond.
(A) EXAMPLE OF IONIC BOND
(1) Sodium Chloride
Sodium chloride is an ionic compound formed by the reaction between the metal sodium and non-metal chlorine. During the reaction one electron is transferred from each sodium atom to each chlorine atom. Sodium atom with an electron arrangement of 2.8.1 is not stable thus it has to donate one electron to achieve stable octet electron arrangement and forming a positively charged sodium ion whereas chlorine atom has an electron arrangement of 2.8.7 is not stable thus it has to gain an electron to achieve stable octet electron arrangement and forming a negatively charged chlorine ion. Thus sodium ion and chlorine ion are attracted by electrostatic force and form a strong ionic bond to form sodium chloride (NaCl). Na - (e) = Na(+)
Cl + (e) = Cl(-)
Na(+) + Cl(-) = NaCl (2) Magnesium Oxide
Magnesium Oxide is an ionic compound formed by the reaction between the metal magnesium and non-metal oxygen. During the reaction two electron is transferred from each magnesium atom to each oxygen atom. Magnesium atom with an electron arrangement of 2.8.2 is not stable thus it has to donate two electron to achieve