Is There a Relationship Between Body Temperature and Heart Rate
Is There A Relationship Between Body Temperature and Heart Rate?
Statement of Research Question:
This study sets out to determine whether there exists a difference in the average body temperature between males and females. Furthermore, the study aims to determine whether an increase in heart rate corresponds with an increase in body temperature.
Data Collection:
The data was obtained from the article “What's Normal? -- Temperature, Gender, and Heart Rate” (Shoemaker, Allen 1996) as found in the Journal of Statistics Education. Its author derived data from an article in the Journal of the American Medical Association entitled "A Critical Appraisal of 98.6 Degrees F, the Upper Limit of the Normal Body Temperature, and Other Legacies of Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich" (Mackowiak, Wasserman, and Levine 1992). The original data was retrieved from oral temperatures taken from volunteers participating in Shigella vaccine trials conducted at the University of Maryland Center for Vaccine
Development, Baltimore. Researchers measured heart rate in beats per minute and body temperature in degrees Fahrenheit. In our data set, males are denoted by the number 1 and females the number 2.
Analyses:
To test whether there was a difference in mean body temperature between males and females we used a two- sample t- test utilizing a confidence interval of 95 percent, and SPSS to calculate the descriptive statistics. Our population included 130 participants and was normally distributed (Figure 1-1).
To test whether an increase in heart rate corresponds with an increase in body temperature we used a simple linear regression in which the dependent variable was body temperature and the independent variable was heart rate. We used a confidence interval of 95 percent, and SPSS to calculate the descriptive statistics.
Results: Figure 1-1:
Population (N)>30 and has a normal distribution.
Figure 1-2:
The t- test
Statement of Research Question:
This study sets out to determine whether there exists a difference in the average body temperature between males and females. Furthermore, the study aims to determine whether an increase in heart rate corresponds with an increase in body temperature.
Data Collection:
The data was obtained from the article “What's Normal? -- Temperature, Gender, and Heart Rate” (Shoemaker, Allen 1996) as found in the Journal of Statistics Education. Its author derived data from an article in the Journal of the American Medical Association entitled "A Critical Appraisal of 98.6 Degrees F, the Upper Limit of the Normal Body Temperature, and Other Legacies of Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich" (Mackowiak, Wasserman, and Levine 1992). The original data was retrieved from oral temperatures taken from volunteers participating in Shigella vaccine trials conducted at the University of Maryland Center for Vaccine
Development, Baltimore. Researchers measured heart rate in beats per minute and body temperature in degrees Fahrenheit. In our data set, males are denoted by the number 1 and females the number 2.
Analyses:
To test whether there was a difference in mean body temperature between males and females we used a two- sample t- test utilizing a confidence interval of 95 percent, and SPSS to calculate the descriptive statistics. Our population included 130 participants and was normally distributed (Figure 1-1).
To test whether an increase in heart rate corresponds with an increase in body temperature we used a simple linear regression in which the dependent variable was body temperature and the independent variable was heart rate. We used a confidence interval of 95 percent, and SPSS to calculate the descriptive statistics.
Results: Figure 1-1:
Population (N)>30 and has a normal distribution.
Figure 1-2:
The t- test