Christian author Jen Hatmaker’s affirmation of the LGBT lifestyle is dangerous, according to former lesbian and book author Rosaria Butterfield.…
When an expert scientific article is first written, it is intended for one audience. That audience being other experts. Therefore once the article is deemed “important” the knowledge that it holds must be relayed to the general public. This task is given to “science accommodators” (Fahnestock, 334). Fahnestock states that the accommodators must not rely on lay audiences to pick up on the significance of a scientific article. Thus they must be able to relay the new knowledge in a way for all to comprehend. The main ways this is done is as follows: Articles must establish their main point in the introductory paragraph, “celebrate rather than validate” (Fahnestock, 333), display physical evidence of discoveries in the means of “tables, figures, and photographs” (Fahnestock, 333), and lastly show “the wonder and application” appeals (Fahnestock, 334). If the accommodated texts do not “wonder and awe” the public they will not gain popularity.…
In this essay, John M. Barry uses antithesis to display a contrast in his thoughts and the assuming thoughts of the readers. In doing this, the author is not only able to show the readers the different sides of how scientists are perceived by people, but as well as how they actually are in the world of scientific research. The author collates certainty and uncertainty as an example for the readers to view that scientists of the world are just like them. Scientists contain “certainty, [which] creates strength, and uncertainty, [which] creates weakness” (Barry). In using these disparities, Barry is showing the readers that “science teaches us to doubt” (Barry). By elaborating on the concepts of certainty and uncertainty, readers are able to see…
NB: interesting to reflect upon what Funder appears to represent as three different forms of heroic survival:…
In the article “Accommodating Science: The Rhetorical Life of Scientific Facts” Jeanne Fahnestock (1998) examines what happens to scientific research when it is translated to appeal to a wider audience. In order to assess what happens to this research, Fahnestock compares “paired communications” (332) – the original research paper and a version that has been interpreted for a wider audience. The evidence these comparisons reveal suggests that facts tend to change in three different ways when translated for a wider audience – through “genre shift”, “statement types” and “stasis theory” (Fahnestock 332).…
4. Dutta-Bergman, M.J. “Theory and practice in health communication campaigns: a critical interrogation,” Health Communication 18 (2) (2005):103-122.…
Evaluating aspects from a scientific perspective is not limited to only people who are pursuing science as a career or major. Atul Gawande, respected surgeon and author, understands this concept well and works to encourage the public to trust in testing a hypothesis no matter how profound. Through utilizing the strategies of incorporating personal experience, rhetorical questions, and a motivational tone, Gawande’s article, The Mistrust of Science, pushes readers to face challenges without a doubt.…
Education campaigns are a widely used method of sharing information with consumers. According to the Centers for Disease Control National Prevention Information Network (CDCNPIN) “Health communication can take many forms, both written and verbal, traditional outlets and new media outlets” ("Communication," 2013, p. 1). Public health campaigns found huge success when posters, placed for widespread viewing, helped reduce injuries and the spread of disease. Tuberculosis (TB) posters educated citizens about covering their mouths when they coughed or sneezed to help minimize the spread of TB.…
Common Public Goals, one of the six characteristics for a discourse community, are the goals or purposes that the discourse community strives to accomplish and uses communication to fulfill those purposes. They provide an outline for public goals that members who agree might join the community and express their opinions on those ideals and goals. As a professor of Astronomy at Sacramento State, Dr. Taylor’s goal is to have students like science; he believes that the sciences are under appreciated and would like to spread his knowledge and interest to his classes through his lectures. He hopes that the enthusiasm he displays in classes will spark enthusiasm in students as well and get them to pursue careers in the fields of sciences. Researchers…
Huge, M., Glynn, C., & Knobloch-Westerwick, S. (2013) The matilda effect in science communication: An experiment on gender bias in publication quality perceptions and collaboration interest. Science Communication. 35(5) 603-625. doi: 10.1177/1075547012472684…
The average American woman cannot possible relate to the stereotyped women in STEM fields shown in the media. These stereotyped characters are “inconsistent with how many women see themselves and how they want others to see them.” They discourage women from pursuing these fields at the risk of also being seen in the same negative portrayal, as being looked down upon as cold, distant, frumpy, unsociable, and on the fringe of society. There cannot possibly be a discussion to increase women’s interest in STEM fields without addressing the American medias portrayal of women that choose those fields. The media can include women in STEM fields without marginlizing the entire group and misrepresenting them. Other countries media outlets already do a very good job at this. Toshiko Sato from Torchwood, which is a BBC show, is a hacker and engineer for a secret government agency. She is smart, resourceful, and very much a woman of science. Toshiko also has friends, is sociable, and goes on dates. She is versed in pop culture and is witty without being insulting to real women who follow similar careers. Toshiko dresses and acts like the average woman. She doesn’t dye her hair, or act and dress in unconventional ways. Toshiko represents the average British woman, and she also happens to be a scientist. If American media represented women in STEM fields the same way across media, it could have a drastic effect on women’s interest in science. They would not see an awkward scientist on the screen, they would see someone very much like them. Someone who bright, strong, passionate, and most importantly,…
The public’s attitude towards science is something that is least talked about in our society. Even in schools, teaching students about how scientists communicate with the public is given the least importance. As a result, I think most people who are involved in science disciplines are not sure how to respond when they come across this question.…
Freemantle and Watt (1994) suggest dissemination is the mechanisms and strategies by which specific groups become aware of, obtain, and make use of information. This definition introduces the notion of targeting specific groups with information that may be relevant, but also highlights the necessity of such groups being able to make use of the information once received. A goal of the researcher according to Pellecchia (1999) should be “to disseminate the findings, thereby adding new knowledge to the field”. Researchers have an array of presentational styles and formats to choose from that best fit their research purposes (Sandelowski, 1998) but the key point is to choose the most appropriate method for displaying particular research findings (Saldana, 2003). In paying attention for the above research, the most popular way to reach desired target audiences is to give a…
Bibliography: Guha (1994) made a study under the title “Information Seeking and Communication Behaviour of Indian Scientists”. In the study sample of 148 respondents was chosen from six researchers and research teaching institutions in Delhi.…
The innovation going on in the world of mass media has become an enduring concept to everyone in the contemporary time. Apparently more and more people consider the media a good tool for persuasive communication. The mass media is a descriptive title referring to methods of communication that reach large groups of people instantly and effectively. Various media in which persuasive communication can be transmitted include: electronic media (television), print (newspapers, magazines,…