nother utilitarian consideration that Allen makes is “the significance of capital punishment for the sense of justice of the secondary victims of homicides”. With this consideration Allen is referring to the family and friends of the deceased. As an example, an important aspect of…
Edward I. Koch, long active in Democratic politics, was mayor of New York from 1978 to 1989. “Death and Justice: How Capital Punishment Affirms Life” first appeared in the New Republic in 1985, while he was still mayor. The audience of the essay is the people of New York, readers of the New Republic, and anyone who is interested in learning more about capital punishment. In his essay, Koch explains the reasons why he supports capital punishment by examining seven arguments most often heard in opposition. Koch’s third of the seven arguments he made was toward the statement, “An innocent person might be executed by mistake” (485). He argues that without the death penalty, a murderer could be freed from prison and will continue to kill after they…
There is an old saying that it is better to be lucky than good. This may be true if a person is always lucky, but luck sometimes has a tendency to run out. Making decisions that affect other people’s lives based on luck can be sometimes dangerous, and usually ethically questionable. Leaders who routinely depend on luck for success may find themselves relying on other questionable actions, such as lying, cheating, or stealing, to ensure luck stays on their side. Additionally, this type of behavior may force subordinates to make ethically questionable decisions when luck begins to run out.…
Capital Punishment is regarded as one of the United States' hottest topics. Those for and against it constantly debate over the various issues that capital punishment brings forth. This essay explains just a few of these topics and my view on the death penalty.…
Deterrence is also a big part of his views on the death penalty. “I believe the death penalty, because of its finality, is more feared than imprisonment, and deters some prospective murders not deterred by the threat of imprisonment.”…
Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher from the 18th century who is well known as an essential person in philosophy today. He has made the argument that there are a set of essential ideas that structure human experience and is the source of morality. His thought continues to have a major influence in contemporary thought, especially the fields of metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, and aesthetics. Kant’s theory on morality as often been criticized on being too…
For Immanuel Kant, guilt is considered a necessary condition for punishment and judicial punishment can never be used merely as a means to promote some other good for the criminal himself or civil society. He argues that, an offender must first be found to be deserving of punishment before any consideration is given to the utility of punishment for himself or his fellow citizens. In this view, utilitarian concerns can never justify the punishment of an innocent person while guilt itself demands punishment even where punishment is entirely devoid of social utility. Therefore, again we observe that the best action is the one that maximizes utility and can be applied in various ways, but most commonly relates to the maintenance of healthy emotional…
From the way that Kant has been interpreted as a constructivist under the standard model, as Wood’s revealed, one can remark three points about this approach: Overemphasizing on the Formula of Universal Law (FUL), Conception of Value, Conception of Autonomy.…
This essay aims to argue the views of two different theorist, Jeremy Bentham and Immanuel Kant, with regards to their views on moral worth of an action. The idea of good and bad creates heated debates among many, but this essay will successfully unravel the layers of Bentham’s theory of Utilitarianism and his belief that all our motives are driven by pleasure and pain. While arguing Kant’s opposing argument that moral worth of an act revolves around democratic attitudes, and that moral truths are founded on reasons that is logical to all people. When one breaks down both theories, it occurs that Kant’s theory comes out to be the more sensible one in numerous aspects.…
In his essay Death and Justice, Edward Koch argues in support of capital punishment, he believes it is just and it saves lives. He successfully delivers an argument laced with true and vivid examples of unforgettable murderous events. His intended audience consists of the opposing voters and readers of the New Republic, the political magazine that published his essay. Prior to reading Edward Koch’s essay I was sure that I would disagree but it became clear to me that he is right. There are seven commonly held views against the death penalty that Koch argues against in his essay. In what follows I discuss a few of his arguments and show that the death penalty is the most viable approach to deal with convicted murderers.…
Edward Koch’s main purpose in writing and publishing this essay is to convince readers that there is extensive reasoning behind his position in favor of capital punishment. The author has made an excellent attempt to persuade readers to find favor with capital punishment. So long as the reader maintains an open mind and has minimal opinion on the subject, he or she would find the essay very convincing. For a reader with a very strong opinion, the essay may not have much effect in altering his or her position.…
Emmanuel Kant argues that the human understanding of our world is perceived by our experiences and only through them can we gain knowledge. Kant’s philosophic question is rooted in the theory of understanding; in short, what can we know and how can we know it? Most of our knowledge of the world can be derived from our observation of it. As children, we see things, touch things, smell things and so on. Gradually, we understand the world in which we live in; this is the knowledge of sense-perception. For example, wind has no physical form but we can see its effects and can classify it as being part of nature. Kant, however, perceives knowledge only through our experiences. So going back to the example of wind, Kant would say we have knowledge of wind not because we…
This reading “What Is Enlightenment?”, is written by Kant. Kant claims that man does not use their own enlightenment because there are other people with higher intelligence that can make the hard decisions for them and, that, the people listening will obey. Kant supports his claim that mankind does not utilize their enlightenment because they do not have freedom, they are lazy, and cannot escape their own nonage.…
Immanuel Kant is a philosopher that has always stuck out because the way he approaches morality is particularly different than most other philosopher. Some would say that Kant’s philosophy works satisfactorily in a perfect world, but fails to account for how the world actually is, which is far from perfect. Even if this is true the groundwork of Kant’s work has still garnered the admiration of many philosophers that were during and after his time.…
Today, the death penalty is an issue that has raised many questions in regards to its morality. Many people believe that the death penalty is immoral for a number of factors, some of which being the execution of innocents, the arbitrary application of the death penalty, and the racial and economic discrimination with the system. Many others believe that the death penalty is moral, for it gives people what they deserve, the criminals were fully aware of the consequences that may fall upon them, and that justice is being served for the victims and families of the victims still suffering from the actions of the criminal. In this paper I will argue that from a Deontological standpoint, the death penalty is morally just. To do this, I will first describe the basics of the theory of Deontology in general, so that you, the reader, can begin to understand some of the fundamental beliefs that Kant, the father of Deontology,…