20.Pakistan defined itself in terms of religion, fell under the control of military leaders, andsaw its Bengali-speaking eastern section secede to become the independent nation of Bangladesh in 1971. India, a secular republic with a 90 percent Hindu population,inherited a larger share of industrial and educational resources and was able to maintainunity despite its linguistic heterogeneity.30.In Southeast Asia, the defeats that the Japanese inflicted on the British, French, andDutch forces in World War II set an example of an Asian people standing up to Europeancolonizers. In the post-war period nationalist movements led to the independence of Indonesia (1949), Burma and the Malay Federation (1948), and the Philippines (1946.)B0.The Struggle for Independence in Africa10.The postwar French government was determined to hold on to Algeria, which had asubstantial French settler population, vineyards, and oil and gas fields. An Algerian revoltthat broke out in 1954 was pursued with great brutality by both sides, but ended Frenchwithdrawal and Algerian independence in 1962.20.None of the several wars for independence in sub-Saharan Africa matched the Algerianstruggle in scale. But even without war, the new states suffered from a variety of problems including arbitrarily drawn borders, overdependence on export crops, lack of national road and railroad networks, and overpopulation.30.Some of the politicians who led the nationalist movements devoted their lives to riddingtheir homelands of foreign occupation. Two examples are Kwame Nkrumah, theindependence leader and later president of Ghana and Jomo Kenyatta, who negotiated theindependence and became first president of the Republic of Kenya.40.The African leaders in the sub-Saharan French colonies were reluctant to call for independence because they realized that some of the colonies had bleak economic prospects and because they were aware of the importance of the billions of dollars of French public investment.…
Tensions rise between different cultures, always have and always will. That being said, violence is bound to occur, it’s just a matter of how and when. During the late 20th century of France, conflict was a reoccurring theme, with the involvement of wars, rioting, and social controversy. These conflicts are shown within the movies “Cache” and “The Battle of Algiers.” In this paper, I will discuss the violence partaken in each film.…
The title contains “not-so-good” describing the contents of the poem, which is a negative adjective compound. It is a parody of the book “The Good Earth” by Pearl Buck, which is about the good times, values and Chinese proverbs.…
Journal Article Review on The Origin of Old-Earth Geology, and its Ramifications for Life in the 21st Century by Doctor Terry Mortenson.…
Naimark, Norman. Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The President and Fellows of Harvard College, 2001. When asked why I chose this book, I would normally respond with some answer conjured up from the depths of my lying brain. But I’ll be honest; I chose this book because it didn’t have as many pages as the others on the list of approved readings, that way I could read it faster. I would normally talk about how I am really fascinated with the topic so that’s why I chose it, but that would be lying. So I’ll stick to the truth.…
Something in the shape of anger-as-madness sticks in Malik’s gullet every time he visits a country in the throes of civil strife, but what makes this time unbearably hard to take is that this is his father’s country, a land of which his father has seldom spoken with affection. … Malik is of the view that perhaps an empire of a different thrust is now at work in Somalia. The Muslim world, from what he can tell, is at a crossroads, where several competing tendencies meet. … Somali religionists of radical persuasion are proving a confrontation with the Ethiopian empire in hopes of pitting the Muslim world against Christian-led Ethiopia… (2011, 56).…
The relationship between the colonizer and the colonized is rocky at best. No one understands this dualism more than someone who is on both sides. Frantz Fanon was a man who wrote for the interest of the colonized, yet had experiences from both perspectives. Fanon was a man of mixed races who grew up understanding a life of privilege in France. Studying psychiatry, he had a unique perspective on the relation the colonized and the colonizer. Due to his past position as a psychiatrist in a hospital that treated colonized people dealing with the devastating effects of colonization, he had some rather strong positions on this relationship. This position led Fanon to write “Wretched of the Earth”, a piece which advocates a call to violence by the colonized. Fanon’s position is that because the physiological effects are so negative from being colonized, a revolution must happen. This revolution (decolonization) must be violent. It is the only way decolonization can be successful.…
In analyzing the historical content of the film, the FLN(Front de Libération Nationale or The National Liberation Front) uprising presented nationalist groups with the question of whether to adopt armed revolt as the main mode of action. During the first year of the war, Ferhat Abbas 's UDMA (Democratic Union of the Algerian Manifesto), the…
The number one source of income for Algerians was the imports and exports through trading harbors on the coast of their country. The French have began too created and enforce French Assimilation onto Algeria and it’s people. Algeria is on the Northern Coast of Africa with all its major cities and capital along the coast. The city most pursued was the capital, Algiers. This was sought after the most because it was the central port harbor for most exports and imports. This country has, since it’s beginning, been an average underdeveloped African country; with tribes of native languages and all separate cultures. Imperialism is the overthrowing or taking of one country by another; this is demonstrated during the early 1900’s. In the country of Algeria, French imperialism had a negative impact short term and a positive impact long term on its culture.…
Akçam, Taner. The Young Turks ' crime against humanity: the Armenian genocide and ethnic cleansing in the Ottoman Empire. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2012. Print.…
Sohail, K. (2005). Prophets of violence, prophets of peace: Understanding the roots of contemporary political violence. [ebrary book]. Retrieved from https:lrps.wgu.edu/provision/17907583…
Throughout history the world has witnessed acts of terrorism motivated by different groups of individuals fighting for a multitude of causes. These individuals have come from various races, religions, and ethnicities. Yet as different as they appear to be, we can still find similarities between them, for instance, groups such as the Tupamaros in Uruguay, the Ku Klux Klan in the United States, and the Irish Republican Army are motivated by vastly different beliefs which they consider a justification for terrorism. However, the underlying concept of these groups, by using acts of terror as a means to an end, is by and large shared by all of them. This paper will evaluate the hypothesis made by Cindy Combs which states, “The forces of oppression that have caused men to rebel have not changed over the centuries; what has changed is the willingness of the oppressed to use previously unthinkable means to achieve their objectives.”1 (Combs, p. 35.). It will also examine the strengths and weaknesses of this statement as it applies to case studies of the groups mentioned above.…
According to Bread from Stones the reaction and response to the Armenian genocide exemplifies this interaction between the paternalistic, racist, and colonial view of humanitarian work in the Middle East to a more compassionate and altruistic understanding of humanitarian work. Watenpaugh argues that the Armenian genocide provided an opportunity for the transition to modern humanitarianism because of it was easier for Westerners to think of Armenians as human because they were Christian. In addition, the extent of the human rights violations committed against the Armenians made a case for it being a “crime against humanity” causing “the reason of humanitarianism [to pivot] not on the rights of the victim of war or genocide, but [to] the humanity of those providing assistance and ... the humanity of those receiving it” (p. 21). Watenpaugh does a good job keeping the idea colonialism in mind while still emphasizing this shift in thinking about humanitarianism. Bread from Stones also manages to focus on the plight of refugees instead of just establishing his argument. In doing this Watenpaugh creates a shared sense of humanity with the reader and the refugees he is…
Furthermore, Franz Fanon in his novel "Decolonizing, National Culture, and the Negro Intellectual" questions the basic assumptions of colonialism. He questions whether violence is a tactical assumption of colonialism. Fanon questions whether native…
An element of the French colonial project which deserves close scrutiny is the linguistic and cultural policies as these still affect present day Algeria.…