Lab Report Separation Of Mixtures
Chem 1211L
Mrs. Amy Cook
February, 9 2011
Lab report on separation of mixtures
Purpose- The purpose of this lab is to separate or isolate the desired product from large amounts of solvent and by-products. It is also followed by a purification step that removes trace amounts of other substances from the final product. One of the experimental techniques that we used in the lab to separate or purify mixture is fractional crystallization. In the experiment we used fractional crystallization to resolve a mixture of salicylic acid and CUSO₄ .5H₂O in to its components. Since solubility is most important in this experiment, CUSO₄ is more soluble in the highly polar solvent H₂O than in a solvent of low polarity, such as ethanol.
Procedure- 1. Obtain …show more content…
an unknown mixture and record its number 2, add 2.5g of the unknown mixture to a previously weighed, clean and dry 100ML beaker 3.
Weigh the beaker containing the mixture and calculate the mass of the unknown 4. Add 50ML of water containing about 1ML OF 3M H₂SO₄ solution to the beaker 5. Heat the mixture on a hot plate, constantly stirring until all the solid material has dissolved 6. Avoid boiling the solution while heating it 7. Remove the beaker from the heat, cover it with a watch glass, and allow it to cool enough to be comfortable to the touch. 8. Place the beaker in an ice bath and after a little while you will see a large quantity of salicylic acid needles settled in the bottom of the beaker. 9. Keep the beaker in the ice bath until crystallization is complete. 10. set up a vacuum filtration apparatus and place a piece of filtration paper in the Buchner funnel 11. Swirl the beaker and pour its contents in to the Buchner funnel 12. Transfer the salicylic acid crystals as completely as possible to filter paper 13. Pour the blue solution collected in the filtration flask in to a second clean beaker and reserve it for the crystallization of …show more content…
CUSO₄.5H₂O 14. Draw air through the Buchner funnel for several minutes to remove as much water as possible, and then remove the filter paper and its mat of salicylic acid crystals. 14. Carefully transfer the crystals to a dry, pre-weighed filter paper to finish drying 15. Weigh the paper and its crop of crystals and calculate the mass of salicylic acid recovered. Also report the percent by mass of salicylic acid in the original mixture 16. Place the beaker containing the blue copper sulfate solution on a hot plate and stir the solution while boiling it until its volume has been reduced to about 25ML 17. Remove the beaker from the hot plate and add 15ML ethanol while stirring it 18. Cool the beaker to the room temperature and in an ice bath. 19. A nice crop of blue CUSO₄.5H₂O crystals should settle to the bottom of the beaker 20. Collect the copper sulfate crystals on a pre-weighed filter paper 21. Rinse the product with a small amount of ethanol and draw air through it to dry it, using the vacuum filtration apparatus. 22.
Weigh the dry product and report the mass of CUSO₄.5H₂O recovered
Data
Unknown number | C | Mass of unknown +beaker | 50.4g | Mass of beaker | 47.9g | Mass of unknown mixture | 2.5g | Salicylic acid crystallization Mass of weighing paper + salicylic acid | 4.3g | Mass of weighing paper | 1.8g | Mass of salicylic acid | 2.5g | Calculation of percent salicylic acid in original mixture | 100% | CUSO₄.H₂O crystallization Mass of weighing paper + CUSO₄.5H₂O | 5.3g | Mass of weighing paper | 0.4g | Mass of CUSO₄.5H₂O | 4.9g | Calculation of percent CUSO₄.5H₂O in original mixture | 196% | Calculation %of S.A= M OF S.A/2.5G % of S.A= 2.5g/2.5g*100% =100% %CUSO₄.5H₂O= M OF CUSO₄/2.5g %CUSO₄.5H₂O=4.9g/2.5g*100 = 196%
Discussion The percentage of salicylic acid is much close to the given amount because its crystal was dried and the wet material was removed out of the crystal unlike the CUSO₄ crystal. In the case of the CUSO₄.H₂O crystal the percentage is above 100% because the crystal was not dried and it takes time to dry the crystal. The wet material and the tiny glass look like material makes the CUSO₄.H₂O crystal to go above 100%
Conclusion
Fractional crystallization is one technique that can be used to separate solid substances from each other if the substance can be dissolved in water. One or more substances are then crystallized from the solution and separated from the rest of the mixture by filtration. Only one of the components is recovered and that is the purified component.
Mrs. Amy Cook
February, 9 2011
Lab report on separation of mixtures
Purpose- The purpose of this lab is to separate or isolate the desired product from large amounts of solvent and by-products. It is also followed by a purification step that removes trace amounts of other substances from the final product. One of the experimental techniques that we used in the lab to separate or purify mixture is fractional crystallization. In the experiment we used fractional crystallization to resolve a mixture of salicylic acid and CUSO₄ .5H₂O in to its components. Since solubility is most important in this experiment, CUSO₄ is more soluble in the highly polar solvent H₂O than in a solvent of low polarity, such as ethanol.
Procedure- 1. Obtain …show more content…
an unknown mixture and record its number 2, add 2.5g of the unknown mixture to a previously weighed, clean and dry 100ML beaker 3.
Weigh the beaker containing the mixture and calculate the mass of the unknown 4. Add 50ML of water containing about 1ML OF 3M H₂SO₄ solution to the beaker 5. Heat the mixture on a hot plate, constantly stirring until all the solid material has dissolved 6. Avoid boiling the solution while heating it 7. Remove the beaker from the heat, cover it with a watch glass, and allow it to cool enough to be comfortable to the touch. 8. Place the beaker in an ice bath and after a little while you will see a large quantity of salicylic acid needles settled in the bottom of the beaker. 9. Keep the beaker in the ice bath until crystallization is complete. 10. set up a vacuum filtration apparatus and place a piece of filtration paper in the Buchner funnel 11. Swirl the beaker and pour its contents in to the Buchner funnel 12. Transfer the salicylic acid crystals as completely as possible to filter paper 13. Pour the blue solution collected in the filtration flask in to a second clean beaker and reserve it for the crystallization of …show more content…
CUSO₄.5H₂O 14. Draw air through the Buchner funnel for several minutes to remove as much water as possible, and then remove the filter paper and its mat of salicylic acid crystals. 14. Carefully transfer the crystals to a dry, pre-weighed filter paper to finish drying 15. Weigh the paper and its crop of crystals and calculate the mass of salicylic acid recovered. Also report the percent by mass of salicylic acid in the original mixture 16. Place the beaker containing the blue copper sulfate solution on a hot plate and stir the solution while boiling it until its volume has been reduced to about 25ML 17. Remove the beaker from the hot plate and add 15ML ethanol while stirring it 18. Cool the beaker to the room temperature and in an ice bath. 19. A nice crop of blue CUSO₄.5H₂O crystals should settle to the bottom of the beaker 20. Collect the copper sulfate crystals on a pre-weighed filter paper 21. Rinse the product with a small amount of ethanol and draw air through it to dry it, using the vacuum filtration apparatus. 22.
Weigh the dry product and report the mass of CUSO₄.5H₂O recovered
Data
Unknown number | C | Mass of unknown +beaker | 50.4g | Mass of beaker | 47.9g | Mass of unknown mixture | 2.5g | Salicylic acid crystallization Mass of weighing paper + salicylic acid | 4.3g | Mass of weighing paper | 1.8g | Mass of salicylic acid | 2.5g | Calculation of percent salicylic acid in original mixture | 100% | CUSO₄.H₂O crystallization Mass of weighing paper + CUSO₄.5H₂O | 5.3g | Mass of weighing paper | 0.4g | Mass of CUSO₄.5H₂O | 4.9g | Calculation of percent CUSO₄.5H₂O in original mixture | 196% | Calculation %of S.A= M OF S.A/2.5G % of S.A= 2.5g/2.5g*100% =100% %CUSO₄.5H₂O= M OF CUSO₄/2.5g %CUSO₄.5H₂O=4.9g/2.5g*100 = 196%
Discussion The percentage of salicylic acid is much close to the given amount because its crystal was dried and the wet material was removed out of the crystal unlike the CUSO₄ crystal. In the case of the CUSO₄.H₂O crystal the percentage is above 100% because the crystal was not dried and it takes time to dry the crystal. The wet material and the tiny glass look like material makes the CUSO₄.H₂O crystal to go above 100%
Conclusion
Fractional crystallization is one technique that can be used to separate solid substances from each other if the substance can be dissolved in water. One or more substances are then crystallized from the solution and separated from the rest of the mixture by filtration. Only one of the components is recovered and that is the purified component.