Large Scale Genetic Evaluation Program Analysis

Introduction
The animal improvement in South Africa is important to improve food security. The production of animal product is in demand by the consumer, thus in order to ensure that the supply meet demand of the consumers, producers must maximize the production and improve to the next level. In South Africa the large portion of animal agriculture on the natural veld and planted pastures (). However, in order for animals to adapt and be able to produce, it production requires an input to genetically improve. Therefore, the Large Scale Genetic Evaluation programs refers to the programs that are used to genetically improve the population of the entire breed in a country. These programs can be used by the breeders, geneticists and the breeding
The progeny testing in South Africa is done quickly, Stud Book Breeding organization collect the milk sample and tested within a week in order to make sure that the producer decide early on what to do in terms of improving the herd to maximize the marginal returns. However progeny testing works together with central testing and on farming testing. Mostly in dairy production the progeny from a bull and a dam is tested to evaluate breeding value and the outcome of using the sire that has the desired traits. Dairy production uses the Artificial insemination, thus progeny testing helps in choosing the semen that will result in heifers with high milk yield. However, the progeny testing scheme are available in all animals that producing to estimates breeding values and allows the producers to prevent non-random mating and be able to cull animals with poor performance. Using designed testing is very expensive. To avoid spending the field data is used to evaluate the next generation and to properly estimate the breeding values. The Field data is the information of the breed that is relayed by breeding associates and organization. Field Data can be used to test the population performance and be able to predict the future generation and also indicate which traits that needs to be improved in the
Some of the breeds are only suitable in certain environment in order to produce, thus if new animals are domesticated into new environment the production can be reduced and this applies to traits that are influenced by the environment. The selection programs changes more often due to the new information that is being introduced of which selecting using pedigrees can result in a population that will not produce. Large scale genetic evaluation can causes loss in economic return since if there was a problem during the process of improving performance all animals in a herd suffers therefore there will be no