Lecture Notes for Chapter 9 - Muscle Contraction & Muscle Tissue
Chapter 9: Muscles and Muscle Tissue, Lecture Outline:
I. Overview of Muscle Tissues (pp. 276–278; Table 9.1)
A. Types of Muscle Tissue (p. 277; Table 9.1)
1. Skeletal muscle is associated with the bony skeleton and consists of large cells that bear striations and are under voluntary control.
2. Cardiac muscle occurs only in the heart and consists of small cells that are striated and under involuntary control.
3. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs and consists of small, elongated cells that are not striated and are under involuntary control
B. Special Characteristics of Muscle Tissue (p. 277)
1. Excitability (responsiveness) is ability to receive & respond to a stimulus
2. Contractility is the ability to contract forcibly when stimulated
3. Extensibility is the ability to be stretched.
4. Elasticity - ability to resume cells’ original length once stretched
C. Muscle Functions (pp. 277–278; Table 9.1)
1. Muscles produce movement by:
a. acting on the bones of the skeleton
b. pumping blood
c. propelling substances throughout hollow organ systems
2. Muscles aid in maintaining posture by adjusting the position of the body with respect to gravity.
3. Muscles stabilize joints by exerting tension around the joint.
4. Muscles generate heat as a function of their cellular metabolic processes.
5. Muscles enclose and protect internal organs,
6. Muscles form valves that regulate passage of substances in the body,
7. Muscles control the size of the pupil of the eye, and
8. Muscles attach to hair follicles as arrector pili muscles.
II. Skeletal Muscle (pp. 278–305; Figs. 9.1–9.24; Tables 9.1–9.3)
A.Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle (pp. 278–279; Fig. 9.1; Tables 9.1, 9.3)
1. Each muscle has a nerve and blood supply that allows neural control and ensures adequate nutrient delivery and waste removal.
I. Overview of Muscle Tissues (pp. 276–278; Table 9.1)
A. Types of Muscle Tissue (p. 277; Table 9.1)
1. Skeletal muscle is associated with the bony skeleton and consists of large cells that bear striations and are under voluntary control.
2. Cardiac muscle occurs only in the heart and consists of small cells that are striated and under involuntary control.
3. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs and consists of small, elongated cells that are not striated and are under involuntary control
B. Special Characteristics of Muscle Tissue (p. 277)
1. Excitability (responsiveness) is ability to receive & respond to a stimulus
2. Contractility is the ability to contract forcibly when stimulated
3. Extensibility is the ability to be stretched.
4. Elasticity - ability to resume cells’ original length once stretched
C. Muscle Functions (pp. 277–278; Table 9.1)
1. Muscles produce movement by:
a. acting on the bones of the skeleton
b. pumping blood
c. propelling substances throughout hollow organ systems
2. Muscles aid in maintaining posture by adjusting the position of the body with respect to gravity.
3. Muscles stabilize joints by exerting tension around the joint.
4. Muscles generate heat as a function of their cellular metabolic processes.
5. Muscles enclose and protect internal organs,
6. Muscles form valves that regulate passage of substances in the body,
7. Muscles control the size of the pupil of the eye, and
8. Muscles attach to hair follicles as arrector pili muscles.
II. Skeletal Muscle (pp. 278–305; Figs. 9.1–9.24; Tables 9.1–9.3)
A.Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle (pp. 278–279; Fig. 9.1; Tables 9.1, 9.3)
1. Each muscle has a nerve and blood supply that allows neural control and ensures adequate nutrient delivery and waste removal.