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Library and Information Science

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Library and Information Science
1a. Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of a computer such as monitor, keyboard, Computer data storage, hard drive disk, mouse, printers, CPU (graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard and chips), etc. all of which are physical objects that you can actually touch. In contrast, software is untouchable. Software exists as ideas, application, concepts, and symbols, but it has no substance. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system. They are input devices, output devices, storage, and processing.

2. The functions of the following hardware in a computer network
I. Modem
Ii. Multiplexers
Iii. Switches
Iv. Routers
V. Bridges The Function of a Modem
A modem changes computer data into a signal that can travel over a phone or cable line, and a modem at the receiving end turns the information back into a digital form.
Cable And DSL Modems
The most common types of modems in households today are cable and DSL modems. A cable modem takes the analog signal sent over a cable television service 's lines while a DSL modem does the same thing over the phone line. modems essentially serve the same purpose.
Modems And Routers
Some modems today double as wireless routers, but this additional functionality is not an inherent part of all modems. With this capability, the modem can send signals wirelessly to computers on the network it hosts within the range of that modem. If modem does not have this feature, we can easily make use of a wireless router , By setting up a wireless network, a modem can be put in a less noticeable part of an office of at home.
A multiplexer (also called a data selector or mux) is a hardware device that accepts multiple inputs and allows only one to go through as an output. Some multiplexers perform both multiplexing and demultiplexing. Demultiplexing is the opposite of multiplexing, and involves the conversion of one input into multiple output channels. A multiplexer allows multiple users or



References: Morrie Gasser: Building a secure computer system ISBN 0-442-23022-2, 1988 Stephen Haag, Maeve Cummings, Donald McCubbrey, Alain Pinsonneault, Richard Donovan: Management Information Systems for the information age, ISBN 0-07-091120-7 E. Stewart Lee: Essays about Computer Security Cambridge, 1999 Peter G Clifford Stoll: Cuckoo 's Egg: Tracking a Spy Through the Maze of Computer Espionage, Pocket Books, ISBN 0-7434-1146-3 Network Infrastructure Security, Angus Wong and Alan Yeung, Springer, 2009. John R. Vacca (ed.): Computer and information security handbook, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2009 Maj

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