Major Sociological Perspective
Inclement Weather Assignment
CRN#: 2016
Explain the similarities and differences between the three major sociological perspectives of functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Identify which perspectives use a macrolevel or a microlevel of analysis.
Some similarities between these sociological perspectives are that two of them work for the macro level perspective but there are some differences. The symbolic interactionism focuses in face-to-face interactions in small groups and it focuses on the microsociology analysis. The Functionalism perspective focuses on the way everything and everyone in a society it is structured to maintain stable. This perspective works with the macrosociology analysis. For last, …show more content…
the conflict perspective: sociologist sees the social world in a continual struggle. This perspective assumes how the poor and week are controlled. It views how the society is in constant struggle between competing groups. In addition, this perspective works with the macrosociology analysis.
The Similarities between functionalism and symbolic interactionism is that they both want to see how society fits and works together.
They study the stability and instability. It focuses on how people attach a meaning to a symbol and this creates their identity in society. (Schaefer, p. 13-15)
Define the concepts “social capital” and “cultural capital.” Then, perform some reflexive thinking and list all the examples of social and cultural capital you possess so far. How does it differ from your friends? How about your classmates?
Cultural Capital: “refers to noneconomic goods, such as family background and education, which are reflected in knowledge of language and the arts. Also, it refers to the kind of education that is valued by the socially elite” (Schaefer, p. 13).
Social Capital: “refers to the collective benefit of social networks which are built on reciprocal trust” (Schaefer, p. …show more content…
13).
Examples: Cultural capital is about learning how to dress appropriately for an occasion, having manners learned from the family, also, and having the knowledge of the different areas of arts and society. While social capital talks about how people communicate with each other by, helping with a task, sharing an opinion, when working as a volunteer, any kind of activity that involves community service.
Explain the differences between “Applied Sociology” and “Clinical Sociology” and give examples to support your response.
The differences between “Applied Sociology “and “Clinical Sociology” are that applied sociology focuses on healthcare professional and patients deal with disease. It focuses on the study of the effect of diseases in families, friends and communities. Their focus is on environmental justice, how the hazardous stuff is around the poor neighborhoods affecting them. The applied sociologists will leave their concerns to their policymakers to act on their evaluation. On the other hand, clinical sociology dedicates to facilitate change by giving family therapy or constructing medical center for the community in need. Clinical sociologists take direct responsibility for implementation and view those with whom they work as their clients (Schaefer, p. 17-19).
An example for applied sociology is that according to Schaefer the medical sociologists have studied the social impact of AIDS crisis in families, friends, and communities. On the other hand, a clinical sociology example will be a family therapy session. They view those who they work with as clients and they make sure they receive the right service directly from them.
References
Shaefer, Richard. Sociology A BRIEF INTRODUCTION. 10 ed. United States: McGraw-Hill Education , 2013. Print.
Female Body Image
Body image is defined as the way you see yourself and imagine how you look. Many women feel pressured about the idea of having the perfect body image to be accepted in society. A picture from the Media begins from having a size 0 body sculpture, a shiny long hair, and wearing the latest fashions accessories. Nowadays it is common to struggle with body image no matter who you are. If you have a positive body image of yourself, you accept the way you feel and look. But that is not something currently happening. Everybody has a certain way they think others see themselves. Body image runs from a positive perspective to a negative, because you can like some parts of your body, but in the same way you could dislike other parts, and that’s consider normal by society because everybody critiques their self. Being able to like yourself leads to confidence, feeling attractive and having control of your body image. The unreal body images could be found in the media, celebrity magazines, and social networks, which cause women to develop psychological disorders from striving to reach an unrealistic and unnatural beauty ideal.
The major contributor to the body image of females is the media. Women have not always been expected to look like the stars from the media even though nowadays the image of a woman in society is seen as thinner than ever before. “In the 1960s the ideal of female beauty was epitomized by actresses Marilyn Monroe and Jane Russell. They were exaggeratedly feminine, with soft, fleshy bodies, curvy hips, and large breasts” (“Body Image” 3). This was a fact in which beautiful women’s became independents and helped to have a higher self-esteem. Nowadays, women has created a perspective of being attractive if you are skinny and have a glowing look like the woman’s they see on the commercials, but in the past when the war heroes came back they brought with them new ideals of feminine beauty, which were voluptuous, womanly bodies (Body Image, 3). Unfortunately nowadays the woman body is not seen well if they are too voluptuous.
The media relates a comparison on to the women body image and creates a negative appearance evaluation.
It creates an effect where women immediately go thru the comparison process on their own body image. “ In a recent meta-analysis, Groesz, Levine, and Murnen (2002) used 43 effect sizes from 25 studies, finding an overall effect size (d) of -.30, indicating that exposure to thin images had an adverse effect on body satisfaction when compared to exposure to control images” ( “Body Image, University of South Florida”1). The comparison is more likely to be with the “ideal” attractive women. It leads to creating a low self-rating of its own appearance. The body image dissatisfaction causes the women to change their minds on losing weight, change their eating habits and change their belief of their own body image. Obviously this is caused by the television shows, television commercials and
magazines. When a woman decides to read a magazine it will immediately make her compare and think about what she is not satisfied with her body. The magazines are promoters of the woman body image; it promotes products, models, articles and solutions to have a better body, to lose weight and suggestions for beauty trends. Which most of the time are negative solutions and creates stereotypes on women. According to the article “Body Image by University of South Florida, “Social comparisons related to appearance are thought to engender negative appearance evaluation due to the upward comparison process. In effect, the great majority of women, when viewing idealized images, are comparing their own appearance to that of someone who is “more” attractive” (“Body Image”, University of South Florida 53). There is a diverse range of celebrity magazines on the market coming out throughout the week, and lots of new magazines coming out all the time. The Magazines such as Cosmopolitan, Vogue, Seventeen and People have become very famous across the world. This is because women, have become more interested in the celebrity lifestyle, the trending beauty product and beauty advise. According to Shari Graydon, “Dozens of peers-reviewed academic studies now document the degree of dissatisfaction women and girls experience with themselves after exposure to unrealistically thin and beautiful female models and actors” (Graydon 3). Many women get depressed from these images because it makes them feel like they have to be just exactly like the model on the Magazine. “ Failing to meet this ideal “standard” leads to a consequent reduction in the rating of one’s own appearance, producing dissatisfaction” (“Body Image”, University of South Florida 53). For example, if a woman sees a star from Hollywood or a model from Runway in a picture with the perfect body image, she will want to look like them. The television commercials are a major negative contributor for the women body image because it leads to wanting to be thin and stay young. What a female sees in the television commercials is the body image, the perception of the size, shape, weight, and any other aspect of the body which relates to their body appearance. Therefore the females decide to use artificial methods, such as plastic surgeries, diet pills, rejuvenating creams and extreme diets. The advertisements featuring models produce higher levels of body dissatisfaction and mood disturbance than advertisements featuring products. (“Body Image”, University of South Florida 59). Shari Graydon states that “there has been veritable explosion in the number of commercial enterprises with a vested financial interest in ensuring that women and girls are more at a war with their bodies than ever before” (1). This is a major contributor to make women struggle with their body image. According to Shari Graydon, some recognized shows on the television such as Extreme makeover and The Swan are promoting surgery as a means of achieving the impossible (Graydon 2). The commercials on TV are the main cause for a negative body image on women because when they are in front of a mirror the woman will react to the reflection she thinks she sees after seen a TV commercial of fashion models, the perfect pill to lose weight or the latest beauty product. According to the article “Body Image”, “Exposure to idealized media images produces body dissatisfaction” (“Body Image”, University of South Florida 59). Graydon explains in her article that, “even the teenagers and twenty-something actually blessed with skinny genes are collapsing from starvation on fashion runways; the damage being caused by the cultural normalization of “extreme” is undeniable” (2). These females are seen as role model or maybe as the perfect body image for a woman because they are beautiful and are accepted by society, but these models are not having a good habit of taking care of themselves; they are starving and some of them could die with serious nutritional problems. According to Graydon “In August 2006, an Uruguayan model Luisel Ramos who starved herself for her career and was rewarded with heart failure that killed her at the age of 22” (2). Sadly three months later her colleague a Brazilian young lady of 22 years old also died of complications with anorexia (Graydon 2).
CRN#: 2016
Explain the similarities and differences between the three major sociological perspectives of functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Identify which perspectives use a macrolevel or a microlevel of analysis.
Some similarities between these sociological perspectives are that two of them work for the macro level perspective but there are some differences. The symbolic interactionism focuses in face-to-face interactions in small groups and it focuses on the microsociology analysis. The Functionalism perspective focuses on the way everything and everyone in a society it is structured to maintain stable. This perspective works with the macrosociology analysis. For last, …show more content…
the conflict perspective: sociologist sees the social world in a continual struggle. This perspective assumes how the poor and week are controlled. It views how the society is in constant struggle between competing groups. In addition, this perspective works with the macrosociology analysis.
The Similarities between functionalism and symbolic interactionism is that they both want to see how society fits and works together.
They study the stability and instability. It focuses on how people attach a meaning to a symbol and this creates their identity in society. (Schaefer, p. 13-15)
Define the concepts “social capital” and “cultural capital.” Then, perform some reflexive thinking and list all the examples of social and cultural capital you possess so far. How does it differ from your friends? How about your classmates?
Cultural Capital: “refers to noneconomic goods, such as family background and education, which are reflected in knowledge of language and the arts. Also, it refers to the kind of education that is valued by the socially elite” (Schaefer, p. 13).
Social Capital: “refers to the collective benefit of social networks which are built on reciprocal trust” (Schaefer, p. …show more content…
13).
Examples: Cultural capital is about learning how to dress appropriately for an occasion, having manners learned from the family, also, and having the knowledge of the different areas of arts and society. While social capital talks about how people communicate with each other by, helping with a task, sharing an opinion, when working as a volunteer, any kind of activity that involves community service.
Explain the differences between “Applied Sociology” and “Clinical Sociology” and give examples to support your response.
The differences between “Applied Sociology “and “Clinical Sociology” are that applied sociology focuses on healthcare professional and patients deal with disease. It focuses on the study of the effect of diseases in families, friends and communities. Their focus is on environmental justice, how the hazardous stuff is around the poor neighborhoods affecting them. The applied sociologists will leave their concerns to their policymakers to act on their evaluation. On the other hand, clinical sociology dedicates to facilitate change by giving family therapy or constructing medical center for the community in need. Clinical sociologists take direct responsibility for implementation and view those with whom they work as their clients (Schaefer, p. 17-19).
An example for applied sociology is that according to Schaefer the medical sociologists have studied the social impact of AIDS crisis in families, friends, and communities. On the other hand, a clinical sociology example will be a family therapy session. They view those who they work with as clients and they make sure they receive the right service directly from them.
References
Shaefer, Richard. Sociology A BRIEF INTRODUCTION. 10 ed. United States: McGraw-Hill Education , 2013. Print.
Female Body Image
Body image is defined as the way you see yourself and imagine how you look. Many women feel pressured about the idea of having the perfect body image to be accepted in society. A picture from the Media begins from having a size 0 body sculpture, a shiny long hair, and wearing the latest fashions accessories. Nowadays it is common to struggle with body image no matter who you are. If you have a positive body image of yourself, you accept the way you feel and look. But that is not something currently happening. Everybody has a certain way they think others see themselves. Body image runs from a positive perspective to a negative, because you can like some parts of your body, but in the same way you could dislike other parts, and that’s consider normal by society because everybody critiques their self. Being able to like yourself leads to confidence, feeling attractive and having control of your body image. The unreal body images could be found in the media, celebrity magazines, and social networks, which cause women to develop psychological disorders from striving to reach an unrealistic and unnatural beauty ideal.
The major contributor to the body image of females is the media. Women have not always been expected to look like the stars from the media even though nowadays the image of a woman in society is seen as thinner than ever before. “In the 1960s the ideal of female beauty was epitomized by actresses Marilyn Monroe and Jane Russell. They were exaggeratedly feminine, with soft, fleshy bodies, curvy hips, and large breasts” (“Body Image” 3). This was a fact in which beautiful women’s became independents and helped to have a higher self-esteem. Nowadays, women has created a perspective of being attractive if you are skinny and have a glowing look like the woman’s they see on the commercials, but in the past when the war heroes came back they brought with them new ideals of feminine beauty, which were voluptuous, womanly bodies (Body Image, 3). Unfortunately nowadays the woman body is not seen well if they are too voluptuous.
The media relates a comparison on to the women body image and creates a negative appearance evaluation.
It creates an effect where women immediately go thru the comparison process on their own body image. “ In a recent meta-analysis, Groesz, Levine, and Murnen (2002) used 43 effect sizes from 25 studies, finding an overall effect size (d) of -.30, indicating that exposure to thin images had an adverse effect on body satisfaction when compared to exposure to control images” ( “Body Image, University of South Florida”1). The comparison is more likely to be with the “ideal” attractive women. It leads to creating a low self-rating of its own appearance. The body image dissatisfaction causes the women to change their minds on losing weight, change their eating habits and change their belief of their own body image. Obviously this is caused by the television shows, television commercials and
magazines. When a woman decides to read a magazine it will immediately make her compare and think about what she is not satisfied with her body. The magazines are promoters of the woman body image; it promotes products, models, articles and solutions to have a better body, to lose weight and suggestions for beauty trends. Which most of the time are negative solutions and creates stereotypes on women. According to the article “Body Image by University of South Florida, “Social comparisons related to appearance are thought to engender negative appearance evaluation due to the upward comparison process. In effect, the great majority of women, when viewing idealized images, are comparing their own appearance to that of someone who is “more” attractive” (“Body Image”, University of South Florida 53). There is a diverse range of celebrity magazines on the market coming out throughout the week, and lots of new magazines coming out all the time. The Magazines such as Cosmopolitan, Vogue, Seventeen and People have become very famous across the world. This is because women, have become more interested in the celebrity lifestyle, the trending beauty product and beauty advise. According to Shari Graydon, “Dozens of peers-reviewed academic studies now document the degree of dissatisfaction women and girls experience with themselves after exposure to unrealistically thin and beautiful female models and actors” (Graydon 3). Many women get depressed from these images because it makes them feel like they have to be just exactly like the model on the Magazine. “ Failing to meet this ideal “standard” leads to a consequent reduction in the rating of one’s own appearance, producing dissatisfaction” (“Body Image”, University of South Florida 53). For example, if a woman sees a star from Hollywood or a model from Runway in a picture with the perfect body image, she will want to look like them. The television commercials are a major negative contributor for the women body image because it leads to wanting to be thin and stay young. What a female sees in the television commercials is the body image, the perception of the size, shape, weight, and any other aspect of the body which relates to their body appearance. Therefore the females decide to use artificial methods, such as plastic surgeries, diet pills, rejuvenating creams and extreme diets. The advertisements featuring models produce higher levels of body dissatisfaction and mood disturbance than advertisements featuring products. (“Body Image”, University of South Florida 59). Shari Graydon states that “there has been veritable explosion in the number of commercial enterprises with a vested financial interest in ensuring that women and girls are more at a war with their bodies than ever before” (1). This is a major contributor to make women struggle with their body image. According to Shari Graydon, some recognized shows on the television such as Extreme makeover and The Swan are promoting surgery as a means of achieving the impossible (Graydon 2). The commercials on TV are the main cause for a negative body image on women because when they are in front of a mirror the woman will react to the reflection she thinks she sees after seen a TV commercial of fashion models, the perfect pill to lose weight or the latest beauty product. According to the article “Body Image”, “Exposure to idealized media images produces body dissatisfaction” (“Body Image”, University of South Florida 59). Graydon explains in her article that, “even the teenagers and twenty-something actually blessed with skinny genes are collapsing from starvation on fashion runways; the damage being caused by the cultural normalization of “extreme” is undeniable” (2). These females are seen as role model or maybe as the perfect body image for a woman because they are beautiful and are accepted by society, but these models are not having a good habit of taking care of themselves; they are starving and some of them could die with serious nutritional problems. According to Graydon “In August 2006, an Uruguayan model Luisel Ramos who starved herself for her career and was rewarded with heart failure that killed her at the age of 22” (2). Sadly three months later her colleague a Brazilian young lady of 22 years old also died of complications with anorexia (Graydon 2).