Topic: Artificial Intelligent Systems
Roll Nos:
3,4,5,62,63,68,69
iNTRODUCTION :
The field was founded on the claim that a central property of humans, intelligence—the sapience of Homo sapiens—can be so precisely described that it can be simulated by a machine."Can a machine act intelligently?" is still an open problem. Taking "A machine can act intelligently" as a working hypothesis, many researchers have attempted to build such a machine, i.e the branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans, with the long-term goal of simulating the human brain in real time, complete with artificial consciousness and artificial general intelligence. If we go by what a layman will understand by the term Artificial intelligence, then taking examples from our day to day lives, it includes-
Games playing: programming computers to play games such as chess and checkers.
Expert systems : programming computers to make decisions in real-life situations (for example, some expert systems help doctors diagnose diseases based on symptoms)
Natural language : programming computers to understand natural human languages
Neural networks : Systems that simulate intelligence by attempting to reproduce the types of physical connections that occur in animal brains
Robotics : programming computers to see and hear and react to other sensory stimuli
Currently, no computers exhibit full artificial intelligence (that is, are able to simulate human behavior). The greatest advances have occurred in the field of games playing. The best computer chess programs are now capable of beating humans. In May, 1997, an IBM super-computer called Deep Blue defeated world chess champion Gary Kasparov in a chess match.
In the area of robotics, computers are now widely used in assembly plants, but they are capable only of very limited tasks. Robots have great difficulty identifying objects based on appearance or