Motivation and Prentice Hall

Essentials of Organizational Behavior, 10/e
Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge

Chapter 5

Motivation Concepts
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After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Describe the three key elements of motivation. 2. Identify four early theories of motivation and evaluate their applicability today. 3. Compare and contrast goal-setting theory and selfefficacy theory. 4. Demonstrate how organizational justice is a refinement of equity theory. 5. Apply the key tenets of expectancy theory to motivating employees. 6. Explain to what degree motivation theories are culture bound.
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What Is Motivation?
The processes that accounts for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a organizational goal
 Intensity – the amount of effort put forth to meet the goal  Direction – efforts are channeled toward organizational goals  Persistence – how long the effort is maintained
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Early Theories of Motivation
• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory • McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y • Herzberg’s Two-Factor (Motivation-Hygiene) Theory • McClellan’s Theory of Needs (Three Needs Theory)
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Self-Actualization
Upper

Esteem Social
Safety Psychological
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Lower

Douglas McGregor’s X & Y
Theory X Theory Y

• Inherent dislike for work and will attempt to avoid it • Must be coerced, controlled or threatened with punishment

• View work as being as natural as rest or play • Will exercise self-direction and self-control if committed to objectives
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Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall