1. Goal is a Long-term end toward which programs or activities are directed. Goals are general and include no date of completion. Organizations are usually formed with the aim of achieving specific goals. These goals usually determine the direction that the organization will take over the long term and are not always very specific.
Goals of organizations operating in the private sector generally revolve around the maximization of profits for the owners. However, some organizations also have other objectives that they may pursue in the short term.
Objective is a specific, measurable, intermediate end that is achievable, sometimes measurable, and marks progress towards a goal. Objectives are action-orientated statements demonstrating the means to achieve a goal. Objectives often serve as the principles of setting up policies and evaluating the performance.
An effective way to set objectives is to follow the well known acronym SMART. A SMART objective is specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time scaled.
An objective that follows SMART is more likely to succeed because it is clear (specific) so you know exactly what needs to be achieved. You can tell when it has been achieved (measurable) because you have a way to measure completion. A SMART objective is likely to happen because it is an event that is achievable. Before setting a SMART objective relevant factors such as resources and time were taken into account to ensure that it is realistic. Finally the timescale element provides a deadline which helps people focus on the tasks required to achieve the objective. The timescale element stops people postponing task completion.
Policy is generally principles creating the course of action or way in which programs and activities are coordinated to achieve an identified goal or objective, supporting the action of the objectives.
Scotia Airways is actually doing well at setting up goals, objectives and policies, it has set up several good