18. After the rule of Napoleon, Louis XVIII returned France to pre-revolutionary conditions in certain aspects of society and politics. For example, Louis brought back restrictions to religion, Protestants were tormented for their faith. Louis accepted the Code that had been developed by Napoleon but banned divorce, although it had been permitted during the revolution. Louis restored Catholic superiority, this had a trickling effect on the doings of the revolution, restricting rights and restoring inequality.…
Explain the origins, purpose and nature of Napoleon’s Continental System. What effect did Napoleon’s setbacks in Spain have of other countries in Europe?…
“The consistent opposition of Britain was the main cause of Napoleon’s downfall.” How far do you agree?…
In 1796, a French leader named Napoleon Bonaparte lead his army to attack Italy. Napoleon was an innovator and an opportunist. Although Napoleon had his own reasons for taking over Northern Italy, France mainly wanted Italy for financial and strategic reasons. At this time, Austria owned a portion of Italy, but France wanted to keep this land from them because “it was an ideal outpost for defense and offense” (Sarti 19). Only a few months into Napoleon’s rule, he had changed the political landscape of Italy which had been in place for years. After the Jacobins took power in Genoa in the north and the Roman Republic replaced papal rule in Rome, the Parthenopean Republic replaced the royal court, who escaped to…
Philip Mansel is a historian educated at Eton College, where he was a King’s Scholar, and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he read Modern History and Modern Languages. Mansel argues Napoleon brought Europe into the pinnacle of monarchism. Mansel states the Napoleon’s act of overthrowing historic republics and installing family members on newly created thrones changed European politics and government. Mansel objectively dissects Napoleon’s policies without taking sides. He states Napoleon’s methods and significance, does not state whether the policies are right or wrong. This is a valuable source for illustrating Napoleon’s short term impact on government and politics in the Napoleonic Era.…
When Napoleon started feeling really confident and powerful than ever, he kept wanting more. Napoleon caused much damaged to many, giving him the bad reputation that he began to gain, and mainly, his way on toward his downfall. First, is when he wanted to invade the UK and defeat the Royal Navy at sea, which he never accomplished. Then eventually he had the European nation under his thumb, which led to a very large debt. Food imports in Britain dropped, and mainly food prices increased. Second, Napoleon decided to take over and invade Russia, which was a big mistake because Russia defeated the French Army…
Towards the end of the eighteenth century the nature of warfare would dramatically change on both upon the battlefield but more importantly how it affected society. Continental Europe was engulfed in war from 1792 following the establishment of the French Republic and continued with the rise of Napoleon until his eventual defeat in 1815. Between 1792 and 1809 the French army seemed to grow from strength to strength turning from a “métier of the aristocrat” small, professional army to the first mass citizen army of the modern world. The success of the Napoleonic era French military in the first five coalition wars cannot be credited to one cause alone. Instead the Revolutionary/Napoleons’ Army (Grande Armée from 1805) had several contributing factors to its major successes.…
To most of Europe, Napoleon was just another conqueror trying to expand his territories, but to the people of France, he was a great leader; he “restored peace and order at home” (Kagan, Ozment, Turner, Frank 586). Restoring order to France was one of his greatest domestic achievements; the people loved him for his support in helping them win their fight for equal rights “to achieve wealth, status, and security for their property” (Kagan, Ozment, Turner, Frank 586).…
Centralized authority | Napoleon seized power when there was no government | Contempt for mankind | Major reason for Napoleon's defeat |…
Napoleon Bonaparte was the first emperor of France from 1804 to 1814. He is famous for his efforts to form a connected Europe that France would lead. His career as a military and political leader led to many big accomplishments, but unfortunately he became too greedy over time leading to his exile.…
Marquis De Lafayette, not only contributed to bringing change to France he also played a significant role in battling the British alongside the American colonist. He had firm beliefs in democracy and a limited government. Lafayette is credited as being one of the great reformers of France. His achievements were widely recognized and appreciated in both France and America alike. It is because of these efforts that a “toast” must be made to Lafayette an admirable enlightenment thinker and revolutionary.…
The primary source entitled “Napoleon Bonaparte: Leader, General, Tyrant, Reformer” was written starting May 27, 1796 through November 15, 1807 (117-121). This document was written by Napoleon himself. The type of document that this is would be a diary. Five historical events that were occurring around the year 1796 included Napoleon gaining command of the French army in Italy. From the introduction before his diary it states that, “…he demonstrated a strong desire for propaganda and psychological warfare…” (117).…
Ch. 23 - Ideologies and Upheavals 1815-1850 AP European History After studying this chapter, you should be able to: * describe the goals of the leaders of the Congress of Vienna and how the balance of power was reset. * define and describe conservatism, socialism, liberalism, and nationalism. * discuss the factors in the romantic revolt against the age of classicism and the French Revolution. * analyze the lingering remnants of the French Revolution and explain how they exerted influence on political development in the first half of the 19th century. Page 755-759 1. Describe and define the concept “balance of power” in 1814-1815. It refers to an international equilibrium of political and military forces that would discourage aggression by any combination of states or the domination of Europe by any single state. 2. Describe the treatment of France by the victors in 1814. Why wasn’t the treatment harsher? The Great Powers (Austria, Britain, Prussia, Russia) did not want to create a lasting enemy in France by imposing harsh and humiliating peace terms. As a result, treatment was quite lenient, with France given boundaries it possessed in 1792 (larger than those of 1789), the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty (Louis XVIII), no war reparations. The Great Powers did, however, define a strong defensive measures to ensure that France would not again be a forceful aggressor. 3. Who were the participants and what was the purpose of the Holy Alliance and the congress system? Established by Russia Czar Alexander I and made up of Austria, Prussia and Russia in 1815 – it was Alexander’s hope that leaders would rule with Christian virtues. It was, however, yet another instrument that oppressed liberal and revolutionary movements. 4. Describe the makeup of the Austrian Empire. Austria was made up of a plethora of ethnic groups – including the dominant Germans (25% of the population), Magyars (Hungarians), Czechs, Italians, Poles, Ukrainians, Slovenes, Croats, Serbs, and…
During the early 1800’s there was a very powerful leader that led the French through many victorious wars and battles. During these years he also dominated European and global affairs. He built a large empire that ruled continental Europe before its final collapse in 1815. This leader was known as Napoleon Bonaparte and his political and cultural legacy has ensured his status as one of the most successful and controversial leaders in human history.…