Pharmacokinetic application for this method was performed in Sprague Dawely rats. Resperidone and fluxotine were made into suspension using 2% tweem 80. Male rats weighing 200± 20 g administered simultaneously with risperidone mg/kg and fluoxetine 0.3 mg/kg after overnight fasting. Blood was withdrawal from the retro-orbital vein under partial anesthesia at ….,….. h post dosing. Plasma separated by centrifugation of blood at 3500 rpm for 5min. The sample kept frozen at -80 °C till analysis.…
Acetylcholine is a common neurotransmitter located in the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. Acetylcholine acts as a neuromodulator which engage in direct synaptic transmission between specific neurons. In the CNS acetylcholine plays a role in attention and arousal in the PNS it works as a major part of the autonomic nervous…
The information in this assignment will consist of a comparison with depressants, hallucinogens and stimulants, accompanied by a theoretical reason or justification of why one would select any of these given drugs. Furthermore, to examine and evaluate the state or condition amongst the drugs, comprised of composition, manufacture/cultivation, how they are use, and their physical and psychological consequences on the human body. The identity of a specific theory, such as anomie, differential association, social control, cultural deviance, labeling, behaviorism, behavior medication, or cognitive learning, which best explains why one would…
However the antipsychotic drugs had side effects that were similar to the ones in Parkinson’s disease, these side effects were shown in John Nash, after he started his anti-psychotics. The role of the antipsychotic drugs is to block the dopamine…
a) Used to control elevated cholesterol; the benefits of being on this drug include reducing the likelihood of cardiovascular disease events (e.g. heart attacks,…
Typical antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) work by reducing dopamine within schizophrenia sufferers. Common forms of neuroleptics include drugs such as Thorazine, Prolixin and Haldol. These drugs actually block the activity of the dopamine neurotransmitter, the drugs take effect within 48 hours but it can be several weeks before a noticeable difference is seen with symptom reduction. Barondes’s (1993) research looked into balancing the dosage of the drug, lowering the drug dosage reduced the side effects but also reduced the effectiveness of the drug meaning it wouldn’t necessarily be a successful or quick recovery compared to high dosages of the neuroleptics. Although this showed clear evidence for the effectiveness of neuroleptics in combating schizophrenia, emphasized when changing the dosage changes the effectiveness of the neuroleptics.…
Schatzberg, A.F., & Nemeroff, C.C. (2009). Textbook of Psycho-pharmacology (4th ed). Arlington, VA: American Psychological Association.…
Neuroleptic drugs such as Prolixin are conventional drugs that reduce psychotic symptoms but produce some of the symptoms of neurological diseases. These drugs block the activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine within 48 hours and their effect on dopamine are believed to be very important in therapy. However it takes several weeks of drug therapy before schizophrenic symptoms show substantial reduction. These drugs are more effective in reducing positive symptoms than negative symptoms. This is supported by Birchwood and Jackson 2001 whose conclusion was the same. These drugs appear to be a more effective treatment for schizophrenia than any of the other approaches used alone. (Comer 2001)…
Drugs affect many areas of a person’s body, the central nervous system (CNS) is effected “causing mental, emotional and physical changes” (Inaba & Cohen, 2011). Pharmacokinetics describes this process by which a drug is “absorbed, distributed, metabolized, eliminated, and excreted by the body” (Inaba & Cohen, 2011). The…
Conventional antipsychotic drugs are an example of a biological therapy for the treatment of schizophrenia. They reduce the effects of dopamine (a neurotransmitter that helps control the brains reward and pleasure centres) to reduce symptoms of schizophrenia. Dopamine antagonists bind to dopamine receptors but do not stimulate them, blocking their action. Chlorpromazine (a synthetic drug used as a tranquilizer and sedative) can eliminate some of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia such as hallucinations and delusions. The effectiveness of these drugs in reducing symptoms led to the development of the dopamine hypotheses (argues that schizophrenia is based on over-activity of synapses that depend on dopamine.)…
Answer D. Although most phenothiazine produce some effects within minutes to hours, their antipsychotic effects may take several weeks to…
Cosmetic Psychopharmacology is a technology composed of a procedure in which one can alter their perception and thought process through biochemical means, thus physically altering the brain chemistry. The development of these therapeutic drugs such as Prozac, Lexapro, and Zoloft has revealed that the human psychosis is not exclusively impacted by its inherent traits or environment, but is a characteristic potentially changeable by the consumption of psychotic drugs.…
Antipsychotic/antischizophrenic drugs; called Phenothiazines, which bind to D2 receptors, blocking Dopamine from binding, reducing the ‘attentional deficit’ effect.…
References: Kalkman, Hans O., Natarajan Subramanian, and Daniel Hoyer. (2001) Extended Radioligand Binding Profle of Iloperidone: a Broad Spectrum Dopamine/Serotonin/Norepinephrine Receptor Antagonist for the Management of Psychotic Disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology, 25…
Anti Psychotic Drugs – used to treat challenging and disruptive behaviour such as aggression or agitation.…