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The responsibility placed on an individual or group for their own or others’ actions, conduct, performance, projects, etc. The attachment one feels towards an organization based on positive feelings. A strategy that exploits new opportunities at an early stage while simultaneously maintaining a base of traditional products or services. The perceptual process of deciding whether an observed behaviour or event is caused largely by internal or by external factors. Motivation theory that asserts that people often act without understanding their motives, and afterwards attempt to attribute motives for their behaviour. A planned, systematic assessment of that compares an organization’s progress against its plan. The degree to which a job gives employees the freedom, independence, and discretion to schedule their work and determine the procedures used in completing it. A measurement system that translates an organization's strategy into a comprehensive set of performance measures. The legally declared condition of being unable to meet expenses or repay debt. It involves a formal procedure in which a trustee takes possession of assets and disposes of them in an orderly fashion. A theory that explains learning in terms of the antecedents and consequences of behaviour. A standard used as the basis for comparison; criteria based on external sources used for job comparison and performance measurement. Studying, evaluating and possibly implementing the best practices of comparable organizations in an effort to improve the organization's own performance. Diagnoses cultural relations between companies prior to a merger and determines the extent to which cultural clashes will likely occur. Defined as an organization that removes roadblocks to maximize the flow of information throughout the organization. Processing limited and imperfect information and satisficing rather than maximizing