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Os Grupos Nas Organizações

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Os Grupos Nas Organizações
Os Grupos nas Organizações
Exemplo: Unidade Hospitalar

Paula Nunes
Sílvia Soares

Psicossociologia das Organizações
2009/2010

Índice

1. Introdução 2
2. Definição de grupo 4
3. Funções dos Grupos 6
4. Tipos de Grupos 8
5. Eficácia dos Grupos 12 5.1. Inputs 13 5.2. Processo 18 5.3. Outputs 19
6. Vantagens e Desvantagens do Trabalho em Grupo 21
7. Conclusão 23
8. Referências Bibliográficas 24

1 Introdução

Os grupos surgem de forma natural na vida das pessoas, mesmo sem estas se aperceberem, pertencem a grupos, sejam eles recreativos, religiosos, de solidariedade social, etc. As pessoas vivem em grupos, trabalham em grupos e divertem-se em grupos.

Diversos autores têm vindo desde o século passado a estudar os processos de grupo, tendo surgido inúmeras teorias e explicações, conduzindo à existência de uma dispersão de conhecimentos. Com o intuito de contrariar este facto, surgiu a área disciplinar da “Dinâmica de Grupos” na tentativa de integrar todas essa terias sobre os fenómenos de grupos (Bales, 1985). Uma vez que as actividades em grupo exigem elevado grau de coordenação entre os elementos, principalmente em situações mais críticas, surgiu a necessidade de uma abordagem técnica e científica sobre o tema.

Assim, o trabalho em grupo, ou o que vulgarmente se designa de trabalho em equipa, sendo certo que os termos apresentam diferenças, embora sejam muitas vezes utilizados como sinónimos, surge com especial enfoque a partir da década de 90.

Desde então as organizações têm valorizado o trabalho em equipa, e a contratação de colaboradores obedece já a critérios tais como a capacidade de o indivíduo trabalhar em grupo, ser um bom “jogador em equipa” (team player).

As organizações são elas próprias conjuntos de grupos e subgrupos, muitos deles criados pela gestão, estes grupos são criados como forma de distribuir o trabalho, como facilitadores da tomada de decisão, para melhor processar a informação e para resolução de conflitos. Há ainda grupos

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