P4, M1 and D1
P4 - Describe the function of the muscular system and the different fibre types
M1 – Explain the function of the muscular system and the different fibre types
D1 – Analyse the function of the muscular system and the different fibre types
Antagonistic Pairs
Antagonistic Pairs are a pair of muscles working together to allow coordinated movement of the skeletal joints. Muscles can only exert a force and do work by contracting. An example is the antagonistic pair of muscles used in bending and straightening the arm. To bend the arm requires the biceps to contract, while the triceps relax. If the arm is to be straightened, the reverse happens. The individual components of antagonistic pairs can be classified into extensors and flexors. An example of this in sport is bending the leg to strike the ball in football, the agonist is the rectus femoris and the antagonist is the bicep femoris.
Fixator
Muscles can also be fixators, or stabilisers. These muscles hold or fix joints in a stable position. In a bicep curl the trapezius is the fixator as it holds the shoulder joint stable as the bicep contracts.
Synergist
Muscles that assist the prime mover in a movement are called synergists. When the elbow joint is flexed the brachialis and brachioradialis are the synergists as they assist the bicep in the movement.
Concentric Contractions
Movement happens when the muscle shortens generating force. An example of a concentric contraction is the upward motion in a bicep curl or when bringing back the lower leg before kicking a football.
Eccentric Contractions
Movement happens when the muscle lengthens due to a stronger opposing force. An example of eccentric contraction is the downward motion when doings pull ups or the downward motion in a squat.
Isometric Contractions
This is when the muscle generates force without moving regardless of the load, for example when gripping a weight the muscles of the hand and wrist contract. Also in
M1 – Explain the function of the muscular system and the different fibre types
D1 – Analyse the function of the muscular system and the different fibre types
Antagonistic Pairs
Antagonistic Pairs are a pair of muscles working together to allow coordinated movement of the skeletal joints. Muscles can only exert a force and do work by contracting. An example is the antagonistic pair of muscles used in bending and straightening the arm. To bend the arm requires the biceps to contract, while the triceps relax. If the arm is to be straightened, the reverse happens. The individual components of antagonistic pairs can be classified into extensors and flexors. An example of this in sport is bending the leg to strike the ball in football, the agonist is the rectus femoris and the antagonist is the bicep femoris.
Fixator
Muscles can also be fixators, or stabilisers. These muscles hold or fix joints in a stable position. In a bicep curl the trapezius is the fixator as it holds the shoulder joint stable as the bicep contracts.
Synergist
Muscles that assist the prime mover in a movement are called synergists. When the elbow joint is flexed the brachialis and brachioradialis are the synergists as they assist the bicep in the movement.
Concentric Contractions
Movement happens when the muscle shortens generating force. An example of a concentric contraction is the upward motion in a bicep curl or when bringing back the lower leg before kicking a football.
Eccentric Contractions
Movement happens when the muscle lengthens due to a stronger opposing force. An example of eccentric contraction is the downward motion when doings pull ups or the downward motion in a squat.
Isometric Contractions
This is when the muscle generates force without moving regardless of the load, for example when gripping a weight the muscles of the hand and wrist contract. Also in