Paper
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1. INTRODUCTION
Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented grape juice by utilizing yeast as biocatalysts. Wines made from other fruits are always named accordingly by attaching the name of the fruit with wine.
1.1 Classification of wines:
1. Still or Natural Wine - are what one sometimes refer to as table wines. They are called natural or still wine because the method of making them is mostly done by nature. Grapes are squeezed and ferment naturally without anything added on it.
Table wines are red, white or pink.
2. Aromatic Wines - are made the same way as the natural wines, but during fermentation aromatics are added. Example of aromatic wine is Vermouth.
3. Fortified Wines - this wine is called fortified because additional ingredients like sugar and alcohol are added to make it stronger. Example is Sherries. The method of making Sherry is called "Solera system," which means adding old wine to young wine.
4. Sparkling Wines - this wine is considered king of all beverages. They are made sparkling by having a second fermentation inside the bottle. Example of this is
Champagne.
On basis of colour of wines:
•Red - called rouge, which may range anywhere from purple to dark red to burgundy. •White - called blanc, in varying clarity depending on the grape variety and aging process. •Pink - called rose, ranging from pink, salmon
CHAPTER 2
HISTORY
2.HISTORY
Archaeological evidence suggests that the earliest known production of wine, made by fermenting grapes, took place from the late Neolithic or early Chalcolithic, possibly as early as the sixth millennium BC, between the Caucasus and the Middle East, with clues of winemaking in different sites dated from 6000 BC in Georgia,5000 BC in Iran,and 4100 BC in Armenia.During an extensive
1. INTRODUCTION
Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented grape juice by utilizing yeast as biocatalysts. Wines made from other fruits are always named accordingly by attaching the name of the fruit with wine.
1.1 Classification of wines:
1. Still or Natural Wine - are what one sometimes refer to as table wines. They are called natural or still wine because the method of making them is mostly done by nature. Grapes are squeezed and ferment naturally without anything added on it.
Table wines are red, white or pink.
2. Aromatic Wines - are made the same way as the natural wines, but during fermentation aromatics are added. Example of aromatic wine is Vermouth.
3. Fortified Wines - this wine is called fortified because additional ingredients like sugar and alcohol are added to make it stronger. Example is Sherries. The method of making Sherry is called "Solera system," which means adding old wine to young wine.
4. Sparkling Wines - this wine is considered king of all beverages. They are made sparkling by having a second fermentation inside the bottle. Example of this is
Champagne.
On basis of colour of wines:
•Red - called rouge, which may range anywhere from purple to dark red to burgundy. •White - called blanc, in varying clarity depending on the grape variety and aging process. •Pink - called rose, ranging from pink, salmon
CHAPTER 2
HISTORY
2.HISTORY
Archaeological evidence suggests that the earliest known production of wine, made by fermenting grapes, took place from the late Neolithic or early Chalcolithic, possibly as early as the sixth millennium BC, between the Caucasus and the Middle East, with clues of winemaking in different sites dated from 6000 BC in Georgia,5000 BC in Iran,and 4100 BC in Armenia.During an extensive
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