In biomedical ethics, the concept of patient autonomy versus is a huge consideration. This autonomy is often contrasted with what is called medical paternalism. Medical paternalism refers to physicians acting in regards to what they feel is best for the patient without much regard to the patient’s true wishes. It is the intervention of an individual’s right of action justified by reasons referring to the welfare and/or interest of that individual. While medical paternalism may…
In most modern, industrialized nations governments seek to protect their citizens by controlling potentially dangerous activities through licensing. Licenses are required before one can legally drive, practice medicine, become a lawyer, or even fish. In the article "Licensing Parents," Hugh LaFollette controversially takes licensing one step further and concludes that the State should morally require people to obtain a license before becoming parents. The State's decision to license these types of activities lies in their potential to be harmful to others, and the best way to limit this possible harm without entirely sacrificing an individual's freedom is to require a demonstration of minimal competence in performing the activity. Based upon this, LaFollette's first criterion for the permissibility of licensing is that any activity that is potentially harmful to others and in which successful mastery can be demonstrated is subject to regulation. If there is also a moderately reliable procedure for determining competence, LaFollette's second criterion for the permissibility of licensing, then the activity ought to be State regulated. Furthermore, LaFollette maintains that parenting is, indeed, an activity that is potentially very harmful to the children involved because of the possible occurrence of physical and psychological abuse, which aligns with his first criterion. He says that the second criterion he presented is also satisfied because a parent can demonstrate competence in avoiding harm to children. Since both criteria are met, licensing of parents is not only theoretically desirable, but ought, morally, to be mandated.…
Parental, medical, and ecclesiastical authorities have limits on which they are authoritative over. With authority in general there is this thing of ought, we do it because it is something we ought to do. Political authority has this obligation. Political Authority and Parental can force you to do something while as the others can not. Parental has a limited hold on until you are a parent, Political is forever.…
Sociologist Jeanne Ballantine describes authoritative parenting as “demanding and responsive, controlling but not restrictive” like authoritarian practices. (Ballantine) This parenting style makes compromises between parent and child. (King) There is still a sense of control, but the relationship between parent and child are more understanding and are able to talk things through when there is a dilemma using warmth and nurture. (King, 288) Ballantine and The Science of Psychology textbook describe children that have been raised under authoritative parents have “higher levels of competence, social development, self-perception, and mental health than those raised in authoritarian, permissive, or neglectful homes.” (King,…
At this point, my parents with their individual viewpoint started to have variance on me adapting to the new environment. Having different perspective towards society's operation caused tension within our family. Now the question arises," Don't parents realize that too much parental control halts child's personal growth?" Such type of parenting style is referred to as authoritarian. "Authoritarian parents utilize strict and harsh child rearing techniques with an absolute set of standards to which children must conform while permissive parents provide too few rules, boundaries, or restrictions for their children" (Chong, et al 1). Parents must not adopt authoritarian parenting style as it contributes to such behavior which is never welcomed by them when presented and further leads to tension within the family. This parenting style develops such consequences which leave kids down with psychological and personality disorders, consisting problems like fear of failing at each step of life, withdrawing oneself from socializing and turning out to be authoritarian towards parents as an…
Furthermore in the present era the parents particularly in the American society control every part of their children 's lives from birth till adulthood.…
Unlike other parenting styles, authoritative parents have both demanding and responsive criterium (Alegre 2011, p. 57). Authoritative parenting style involves two theories: "behavior control" and “acceptance" (Steinberg et al. 1989, p. 1525). According to Steinberg, behavioral control is defined as a control which limits and monitors their children’s behavior and actions. Steinberg also described that acceptance is a state where children accept the rules that were imposed on them because they understand and accept the reason why the rules were set. In other words, authoritative parents do not only enforce rules, but they also explain the basis and reasons why the rules and regulations need to be obeyed. As a result, children who go through this style of parenting and teaching develop more positive attitudes than their peers because they are treated warmly, democratically and firmly, which consequently affects their academic performance (Steinberg et al. 1989, p.…
At issue in the controversy over medical paternalism is the problem of patient autonomy. Medical paternalism can be defined as interfering with a patient’s freedom for his or her own well-being; patient autonomy means being able to act and make a decision intentionally, with understanding, and without controlling influences (Munson, 38 & 39). The principle of informed consent has come to be essential to any philosophical analysis of the tension between medical paternalism and patient autonomy in healthcare decision-making. However, despite the obligatory duties physicians have to their patients, patient involvement and informed consent should be valued in certain medical cases.…
The fourth commandment in Christian faiths states that one should “Honor thy father and mother.” Indeed, this thought process has been seen throughout history, especially in regards to children disobeying their parent’s wishes as they grow up. However, does there come a time when a parental figure is undeserving of respect? Why are children forced to subjugate themselves to their parent’s wishes, sometimes giving up their beliefs or identities to fit in with their guardian’s morals? This archaic idea that children must submit to their parents wishes is outdated and restricting. The idea that age equals the need for respect from younger people perpetuates quasi-abusive tendencies, further exacerbated by clashing ideas and values from younger…
Two of the major components in this respect are the concepts of autonomy and beneficence. Autonomy denotes the right to have the control in the own destiny, to exercise the personal will. Obviously there are limits on how such control can be expressed freely. However, for geriatric purposes, the question revolves around whether the patient is able to assess the situation and make a rational decision independently. This leads to the second concept. The term denotes charitable duty to do good to others, to help them directly and to avoid damage. This idea approaches largely paternalism, in which one becomes the agent of the other in making decisions, just as the parent can do for the child. This approach is in direct conflict with the principle of autonomy. Nurses and doctors are faced with a set of difficult choices in practice when trying to deal with these subtle boundaries. Though often has attacked the medical community for its paternalistic attitude towards patients, usually granted that paternalism is justified when certain criteria are met: if the dangers are prevented and the benefits that accrue in favor of the person outweigh the loss of autonomy stems from the intervention; if the person is too sick to choose freely; and if it is likely that other individuals in similar circumstances would choose the same intervention. Add something important is taking into consideration the culture, beliefs and…
Cassidy, L. (2006). That many of us should not parent. Hypatia, 21(4), 40-57. Retrieved from http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/hypatia/v021/21.4cassidy.html…
The Middle Ages were characterized by a chronic absence of effective central government and the constant threat of famine, disease, and foreign invasion. In this state of affairs, the weaker sought the protection of the stronger; and the true lords and masters became those who could guarantee immediate security from violence. The feudal society was an institution of the Middle Ages that grew out of the miseries and robberies that succeeded the fall of the Roman Empire in the ninth century. Feudalism is a situation where there is no dominant political power or effective central leadership. In a feudal society, power is treated as a private possession; there is no effective state. The feudal system was designed to do a number of things, including participation in local government and military support of the king.…
Militarism is the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.[1]…
"Feudalism in England." Feudalism in England. Siteseen LTD, June 2014. Web. 11 Mar. 2015. <http://www.medieval-life-and-times.info/medieval-england/feudalism-in-england.htm>.…
Feudalism was the economic, political, and social system that characterized medieval Europe from about 1000 to 1300. For more than a thousand years, a people known as the Romans controlled most of Europe and all the lands bordering on the Mediterranean Sea. The Romans were as skilled at government administration as they were at building things. The fall of Rome led to the development of feudalism. But in the eighth century, one Germanic king managed to bring much of Europe under his control. That king was Charlemagne, or “Charles the Great,” the first Holy Roman Emperor. Charlemagne was king of a German tribe known as the Franks Charlemagne ruled from 768 to 814. During his long reign, there was stability in western Europe. But when Charlemagne died, his grandsons were unable to keep his empire together. The result was a breakdown in central government again, although Charlemagne’s laws survived as the basis for the medieval kingdoms of France and Germany. The lack of a central government led to the development of the feudal system. This feudal system grew out of people’s need for protection. With no strong kings to maintain law and order, people turned to local lords for help.…