PD Ethics
Executive Summary
Table of Contents
Introduction
Freedom of speech means that a person or a body have a right to express them without any fear of suppression or penalty. It also means that there will not be any imposition of person’s speech. In today’s context, “Speech” is not limited to public speaking and it does include other forms of expression including social media.
Australia does not have any explicit constitutional rights related to freedom of speech. However, parliamentarians are protected from criminal action such as defamation when they express themselves inside the parliament.
Background
Australia had mix history of freedom of speech. As Australia does not have any explicit law regarding to freedom of speech, there were attempts to move towards liberalisation of censorship. The modern history of freedom of speech in Australia dates back to First World War. Hughes government increased censorship during the war. After the war as the government lost the wartime power, they introduced the Customs Act to keep out destabilizing dogmatic works. During 1933-34, this method reached at peak as more than 100 books were banned.
Due to threat of communism, Lyons government denied entry to Czech communist writer Egon Kisch. During the Menzies’ time, government summoned the editor and publisher of the Bankstown Observer before the Bar of the House to defend a charge that they had breached parliamentary privilege by publishing an article alleging that a member of parliament was involved in an immigration racket. Both men ended up spending three months in Goulburn jail. During the 1960s, in Gorton government, Customs & Excise Minister Don Chipp removed ban on many novels and Playboy magazine. He also introduced R certificate for adult movies which were earlier banned. Debate on the same is still going on as there are many high profile cases going on.
Utilitarianism
The essential claim of utilitarianism is that the only reasonable measure of morality is the
Table of Contents
Introduction
Freedom of speech means that a person or a body have a right to express them without any fear of suppression or penalty. It also means that there will not be any imposition of person’s speech. In today’s context, “Speech” is not limited to public speaking and it does include other forms of expression including social media.
Australia does not have any explicit constitutional rights related to freedom of speech. However, parliamentarians are protected from criminal action such as defamation when they express themselves inside the parliament.
Background
Australia had mix history of freedom of speech. As Australia does not have any explicit law regarding to freedom of speech, there were attempts to move towards liberalisation of censorship. The modern history of freedom of speech in Australia dates back to First World War. Hughes government increased censorship during the war. After the war as the government lost the wartime power, they introduced the Customs Act to keep out destabilizing dogmatic works. During 1933-34, this method reached at peak as more than 100 books were banned.
Due to threat of communism, Lyons government denied entry to Czech communist writer Egon Kisch. During the Menzies’ time, government summoned the editor and publisher of the Bankstown Observer before the Bar of the House to defend a charge that they had breached parliamentary privilege by publishing an article alleging that a member of parliament was involved in an immigration racket. Both men ended up spending three months in Goulburn jail. During the 1960s, in Gorton government, Customs & Excise Minister Don Chipp removed ban on many novels and Playboy magazine. He also introduced R certificate for adult movies which were earlier banned. Debate on the same is still going on as there are many high profile cases going on.
Utilitarianism
The essential claim of utilitarianism is that the only reasonable measure of morality is the