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PD/H/PE Preliminary Notes
Topic: The Body in Motion
The Skeletal System
Anatomical Terms Superior; towards the head or above.
Inferior; towards the feet or below.
Anterior; front or in front of.
Posterior; back or at the back of.
Lateral; towards the side of the body or away from the midline.
Medial; towards the midline of the body.
Proximal; closer to the top of a limb.
Distal; closer towards the bottom or end of a limb.
Major Skeletal Bones
Types of Bones
Long; longer than wide, fucntion as levers E.g. femur and tibia.
Short; short axis, found in s,all spaces and act to transfer force. E.g. carpals and tarsals.
Flat; broad surface, serve as places of attachtment for muscle and to protect organs E.g. scapula and pelvic girdle.
Functions of the Skeletal System
Support the organs and tissues of the body.
Protection for internal organs.
Base attachment for muscles; together they provide Movement.
A source of production of red and white blood cells and blood platelets.
Storage of minerals.
Bones of the Human Skeleton
Axial Skeleton; is made up of the bones that lie on the long axis of the body. This includes the cranium, vertebral column, ribs and sternum.
Appendicular Skeleton; contains the bones and limbs that connect to the limbs of the axial skeleton.
Joint Structure and Actions
Joint Structure
Classification;
Fibrous or immovable- no movement is possible e.g bones of the cranium
Cartilaginous or slightly movable- joint that permits limited movement e.g verebral column
Synovial or freely movable- maximum movement e.g most joint like hip
Synovial Joint Structure.
Ligaments, fibrous bands that surround and reinforce the joint, they join bone to bone.
Tendons, connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.
Synovial Fluid, acts as lubricent keeping joint oiled and moving surfaces apart. provides nutrition for cartilage and carries away waste.
Hyaline Cartilage, allows bones to move freely over eachother.
Types of
Topic: The Body in Motion
The Skeletal System
Anatomical Terms Superior; towards the head or above.
Inferior; towards the feet or below.
Anterior; front or in front of.
Posterior; back or at the back of.
Lateral; towards the side of the body or away from the midline.
Medial; towards the midline of the body.
Proximal; closer to the top of a limb.
Distal; closer towards the bottom or end of a limb.
Major Skeletal Bones
Types of Bones
Long; longer than wide, fucntion as levers E.g. femur and tibia.
Short; short axis, found in s,all spaces and act to transfer force. E.g. carpals and tarsals.
Flat; broad surface, serve as places of attachtment for muscle and to protect organs E.g. scapula and pelvic girdle.
Functions of the Skeletal System
Support the organs and tissues of the body.
Protection for internal organs.
Base attachment for muscles; together they provide Movement.
A source of production of red and white blood cells and blood platelets.
Storage of minerals.
Bones of the Human Skeleton
Axial Skeleton; is made up of the bones that lie on the long axis of the body. This includes the cranium, vertebral column, ribs and sternum.
Appendicular Skeleton; contains the bones and limbs that connect to the limbs of the axial skeleton.
Joint Structure and Actions
Joint Structure
Classification;
Fibrous or immovable- no movement is possible e.g bones of the cranium
Cartilaginous or slightly movable- joint that permits limited movement e.g verebral column
Synovial or freely movable- maximum movement e.g most joint like hip
Synovial Joint Structure.
Ligaments, fibrous bands that surround and reinforce the joint, they join bone to bone.
Tendons, connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.
Synovial Fluid, acts as lubricent keeping joint oiled and moving surfaces apart. provides nutrition for cartilage and carries away waste.
Hyaline Cartilage, allows bones to move freely over eachother.
Types of