Phobias And Addiction Research Paper
Phobias and Addictions Paper
Individual Assignment
Psychology 101
Introduction:
This essay will analyzing the difference between classical and operant conditioning to which there effects, to their extinctions in both addictions and phobias.
Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning theory involves learning a new behavior via the process of association. In simple terms two stimuli are linked together to produce a new learned response in a person or animal. There are three stages to classical conditioning. In each stage the stimuli and responses are given special scientific terms. In the first stage is the unconditional stimulus produces an unconditional response to the organism. The next stage is where the conditioning comes …show more content…
into play a stimulus which produces no response (i.e. neutral) is associated with the unconditioned stimulus at which point it now becomes known as the conditioned stimulus (CS)Mclead). Now the conditioned stimulus (CS) has been associated with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to create a new conditioned response (CR)Mclead).
Phobias in Classical Conditioning
A Phobia is when an irrational fear that is so irrational that the amount of fear is not warranted by the cause and it interferes with the daily functioning of the sufferer. ()After this is done one or more times, the neutral stimulus will become a conditioned stimulus in that it will produce the same response as the naturally occurring unconditional stimulus.(Mclead)But the conditioned response gradually decrease overtime causing the phobia to be extinct.
Operant Conditioning and Addictions Operant conditioning is to which the desired behavior or increasingly closer approximations to it are followed by a rewarding or reinforcing stimulus. Something good can start or be presented or be presented, something bad can end or be taken away, something good can end or be taken away, something bad can start. (Mclean) As humans it was designed that we would feel the need to find something of pleasure to increase the chances of survival but when something is felt in pain it lessens the chance for survival. When using a drug often it is found that both pleasure and pain are felt in those new nerve pathways. The brain then will signal an experience of pain and will have withdrawals which hardwired to the brain causing this relapse cycle to continue. One wonders how to break the cycle, as the reinforcement of the drug becomes less and less the body begins to not signal for this need for this pleasure any longer.
Conclusion
As discovered through two different processes of operant and classical conditioning, we see that two different behaviors can arise and become extinct.
In Operant conditioning it is all about the choice of the behavior to what will be the outcome consequence. As for classical conditioning is broken down in stages to which the brain is sending certain stimulus and waiting for a conditioned or unconditioned response. We see in both processes that there can be more issues such as phobias and addiction that can form if certain unwanted behaviors should be introduced. There is a solution to extinct these conditions by no reinforcement or reducing the conditioned response.
References:
Cherry, K. (2011). Psychology-Extinction. Retrieved Sept. 4, 2011. From: About.com; http://psychology.about.com/od/eindex/g/extinction.htm.
McLeod, S. A. (2008). Classical Conditioning - Simply Psychology. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/classical-conditioning.html
Ricker, P.J. (2011). Can Classical Conditioning Cause Phobias? Retrieved Sept. 1, 2011. From What is Psychological Science?;
http://wwwiscottsdalecc.edu/ricker/psy101/readings/section_5/5-8.html.
The HAMS harm Reduction Network. (2009). Learning. Retrieved Sept. 2, 2011. From: HamsNetwork.org; http://hamsnetwork.org/learning/learning.pdf.
Individual Assignment
Psychology 101
Introduction:
This essay will analyzing the difference between classical and operant conditioning to which there effects, to their extinctions in both addictions and phobias.
Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning theory involves learning a new behavior via the process of association. In simple terms two stimuli are linked together to produce a new learned response in a person or animal. There are three stages to classical conditioning. In each stage the stimuli and responses are given special scientific terms. In the first stage is the unconditional stimulus produces an unconditional response to the organism. The next stage is where the conditioning comes …show more content…
into play a stimulus which produces no response (i.e. neutral) is associated with the unconditioned stimulus at which point it now becomes known as the conditioned stimulus (CS)Mclead). Now the conditioned stimulus (CS) has been associated with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to create a new conditioned response (CR)Mclead).
Phobias in Classical Conditioning
A Phobia is when an irrational fear that is so irrational that the amount of fear is not warranted by the cause and it interferes with the daily functioning of the sufferer. ()After this is done one or more times, the neutral stimulus will become a conditioned stimulus in that it will produce the same response as the naturally occurring unconditional stimulus.(Mclead)But the conditioned response gradually decrease overtime causing the phobia to be extinct.
Operant Conditioning and Addictions Operant conditioning is to which the desired behavior or increasingly closer approximations to it are followed by a rewarding or reinforcing stimulus. Something good can start or be presented or be presented, something bad can end or be taken away, something good can end or be taken away, something bad can start. (Mclean) As humans it was designed that we would feel the need to find something of pleasure to increase the chances of survival but when something is felt in pain it lessens the chance for survival. When using a drug often it is found that both pleasure and pain are felt in those new nerve pathways. The brain then will signal an experience of pain and will have withdrawals which hardwired to the brain causing this relapse cycle to continue. One wonders how to break the cycle, as the reinforcement of the drug becomes less and less the body begins to not signal for this need for this pleasure any longer.
Conclusion
As discovered through two different processes of operant and classical conditioning, we see that two different behaviors can arise and become extinct.
In Operant conditioning it is all about the choice of the behavior to what will be the outcome consequence. As for classical conditioning is broken down in stages to which the brain is sending certain stimulus and waiting for a conditioned or unconditioned response. We see in both processes that there can be more issues such as phobias and addiction that can form if certain unwanted behaviors should be introduced. There is a solution to extinct these conditions by no reinforcement or reducing the conditioned response.
References:
Cherry, K. (2011). Psychology-Extinction. Retrieved Sept. 4, 2011. From: About.com; http://psychology.about.com/od/eindex/g/extinction.htm.
McLeod, S. A. (2008). Classical Conditioning - Simply Psychology. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/classical-conditioning.html
Ricker, P.J. (2011). Can Classical Conditioning Cause Phobias? Retrieved Sept. 1, 2011. From What is Psychological Science?;
http://wwwiscottsdalecc.edu/ricker/psy101/readings/section_5/5-8.html.
The HAMS harm Reduction Network. (2009). Learning. Retrieved Sept. 2, 2011. From: HamsNetwork.org; http://hamsnetwork.org/learning/learning.pdf.