Phonology: International Phonetic Alphabet and English
PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
Reader for First Year English Linguistics
Claire-A. Forel & Genoveva Puskás
University of Geneva
(chapters 1 and 2 based on Vikner 1986)
Updated by Cornelia Hamann and Carmen Schmitz
University of Oldenburg
March 2005
2
PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY 3
1. Introduction..................................................................................................... 3
2. Phonetics ........................................................................................................ 5
2.1. The Speech Organs .......................................................................... 5
2.2. Consonants....................................................................................... 6
Exercises Phonetics........................................................................................................ 20
3. Mark and Mary Brown (Segmental Phonology) 3.1 Phonemes.................... 30
3.2 Minimal Pairs.................................................................................... 32
3.3 Features ............................................................................................. 33
3.4 Allophones ........................................................................................ 34
4. / ekstr? / (Syllable Structure) .......................................................................... 35
4.1 The syllable ....................................................................................... 35
4.2 Clusters ............................................................................................. 36
4.3 Constraints on Syllable Formation.................................................... 40
4.4 Syllable Perception ........................................................................... 41
4.5 Syllabic Consonants.......................................................................... 42
5. Is John really a nice husband ? (Word Stress) ................................................ 43
5.1 Word and Stress
Reader for First Year English Linguistics
Claire-A. Forel & Genoveva Puskás
University of Geneva
(chapters 1 and 2 based on Vikner 1986)
Updated by Cornelia Hamann and Carmen Schmitz
University of Oldenburg
March 2005
2
PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY 3
1. Introduction..................................................................................................... 3
2. Phonetics ........................................................................................................ 5
2.1. The Speech Organs .......................................................................... 5
2.2. Consonants....................................................................................... 6
Exercises Phonetics........................................................................................................ 20
3. Mark and Mary Brown (Segmental Phonology) 3.1 Phonemes.................... 30
3.2 Minimal Pairs.................................................................................... 32
3.3 Features ............................................................................................. 33
3.4 Allophones ........................................................................................ 34
4. / ekstr? / (Syllable Structure) .......................................................................... 35
4.1 The syllable ....................................................................................... 35
4.2 Clusters ............................................................................................. 36
4.3 Constraints on Syllable Formation.................................................... 40
4.4 Syllable Perception ........................................................................... 41
4.5 Syllabic Consonants.......................................................................... 42
5. Is John really a nice husband ? (Word Stress) ................................................ 43
5.1 Word and Stress
References: Fromkin, V. & R. Rodman (1988). An Introduction to Language. New York: HoltSaunders, 4th edition. Gimson, A.C. (1980). An Introduction to the Pronunciation of English. London: Ed. Hooper, J. B. (1976). An Introduction to Natural Generative Phonology. San Academic Press. ________ (1975). English Pronouncing Dictionnary. Revised by A.C. Gimson. London: Dent, 13th edition. Ladefoged, P. (1982). A Course in Phonetics. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 2nd edition. Mc Carthy, P. (1967). English Pronunciation. Cambridge: Heffer & Sons, 4th edition. Martinet, A. (1974). La Linguistique Synchronique. Paris: PUF. Roach, P. (1983). English Phonetics and Phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge Press. Troubetzkoy, N.S. (1976). Principes de phonologie. Trad: J. Cantineau, Paris: Klincksieck. Vikner, S. (1986). “Phonetics and Phonology”. Geneva: University of Geneva, dept. of English.