Physical And Chemical Reactions Lab Report
Physical and Chemical Reactions
Lab #4
Alesa Cannon
Objective: To investigate the physical and chemical properties of a pure chemical substance.
Procedure:
1. Half-fill one well of a 24-well plate with 6 M HCl and half-fill a second well of the 24-well plate with 6 M NaOH. Suck up these chemicals into their labeled pipets for later use.
2. Perform the following steps on each of the substances to be tested. Complete all tests of one substance and record your observations before proceeding to the next.
a. Place 4 small test tubes into wells of the 24-well plate.
b. Place small amounts of the substance to be tested in each of the four micro test tubes.
3. First test tube:
a. Examine and record color and odor.
b. Light the burner …show more content…
fuel wick. Grasp the test tube with the holder and heat the sample by slowly moving it just above the flame, as displayed in Figure 1. Observe the effect of heat on the substance. Note the evolution of any gases.
c. Allow the test tube to cool before storing or the well plate plastic may melt.
4. Second test tube:
a. Add enough cold water to 1/4 fill the test tube above the sample material. Stir with the glass stirring rod. Observe the solubility of the substance in cold water.
b. Light the burner fuel wick. Grasp the test tube with the holder and heat the sample by slowly moving it just above the flame, making sure the flame is directed toward the top of the water and the test tube’s open end is not pointed at anyone. Gently heat the water just to boiling. Observe the solubility in hot water.
c. Tear off approximately 1/2-cm pieces of both red and blue litmus paper.
d. Allow the solution to cool, and using the glass stirring rod, transfer a drop of the solution onto a piece of litmus paper. Record the results. Clean the stirring rod.
5. Third test tube:
a. Add a few pipet drops of HCl (hydrochloric acid) to the sample and stir. NOTE: Use the test tube holder\clamp as some reactions are exothermic, i.e. the test tube may get very hot. Record any apparent reaction or solubility. Clean the stirring rod.
6. Fourth test tube: Add a few pipet drops of NaOH (sodium hydroxide) to the sample. Stir.
Record any apparent reaction or solubility. Clean the stirring rod.
7. Thoroughly clean and dry all 4 test tubes. Repeat Steps 2 though 6 with the next substance.
Observations and Experimental Data:
Substance: Mg
Color: Silver
Odor: Slighty
Effect of Heat: Particles moved, bubbles flowing up to top
Solub. or Reaction w/cold H2O: No reaction
Solub. or Reaction w/hot H2O: Bubbles produced from the gas
Litmus test: Red turned blue and blue had no change
Dilute HCl: Sizzle, steams, heat output
Dilute NaOH: Gas was formed.
Substance: Cu
Color: Redish Brown
Odor: None
Effect of Heat: Became darker, almost purple like.
Solub. or Reaction w/cold H2O: No reaction
Solub. or Reaction w/hot H2O: No reaction
Litmus test: No reaction on red or blue.
Dilute HCl: Solution turned yellowish, but no actual reaction on copper
Dilute NaOH: No reaction
Substance: Zn
Color: Silver
Odor: None
Effect of Heat: None
Solub. or Reaction w/cold H2O:None
Solub. or Reaction w/hot H2O: None
Litmus test: Blue turned white. Red had no reaction.
Dilute HCl: Bubbles up and fumes form, the zinc became darker in color.
Dilute NaOH: None
Substance: MgO
Color: White
Odor: Yes
Effect of Heat: None
Solub. or Reaction w/cold H2O: Dissolved water turned white.
Solub. or Reaction w/hot H2O: MgO separated from water.
Litmus test: Red turned blue and blue had no reaction
Dilute HCl: Fizzes and substance turns yellowish while bubbling the back to white.
Dilute NaOH: Dissolves and substance became a bit thick
Substance: CuCO3
Color: Green
Odor: Yes
Effect of Heat: Turned into black powder
Solub. or Reaction w/cold H2O: No reaction.
Solub. or Reaction w/hot H2O: No reaction
Litmus test: No change on blue or red.
Dilute HCl: Bubbles up, does not dissolve, solution turns green
Dilute NaOH: Turns navy blue
Substance: Cu(NO3)2
Color: Blue
Odor: Slight Odor
Effect of Heat: Dissolves fast, turns green then back to blue.
Solub. Or Reaction w/cold H20: Dissolves.
Solub. Or Reaction w/ hot H20: Solution turns green.
Litmus test: No reaction
Dilute HCI: Dissolves turns green and a bit gelatinous.
Dilute NaOH: Did not dissolve immediately, but after a few minutes it becomes a blue liquid.
Substance: NaCl
Color: White
Odor: Yes
Effect of Heat: Boils
Solub or Reaction w/ cold H2O: No reaction
Solub or Reaction w/ hot H2O: No reaction
Litmus test: No reaction
Dilute HCI: Does not dissolve
Dilute NaOH: Does not dissolve
Questions:
1. Did you observe any chemical changes in this experiment? Yes I did with Mg being diluted with HCI. It changed to a …show more content…
gas
2.
What evidence did you use to decide that something was a chemical change? When a substance combines with another to form a new substance.
3. Give at least two examples of chemical changes you observed. When you dilute MgO and CuCO3 with HCI it formed two different substances
4. Classify the following properties of Sodium metals as physical of chemical Silver metallic color Physical Turns gray in air Physical Melts at 98 degrees Physical Reacts explosively with chlorine gas Chemical
5. Classify the following changes as Physical or Chemical.
Water freezes at O degrees Physical
Baking soda when combined with vinegar produces bubbles Chemical
Moth balls gradually disappear at room temp Physical
Ice cubes in a freezer get smaller with time Physical
Baking soda loses mass as it is heated Physical
Tarnishing of silver Chemical
6. How would you show that dissolving table salt is a physical change? Because the substance is a solid and turns into another form when it is
dissolving
Lab #4
Alesa Cannon
Objective: To investigate the physical and chemical properties of a pure chemical substance.
Procedure:
1. Half-fill one well of a 24-well plate with 6 M HCl and half-fill a second well of the 24-well plate with 6 M NaOH. Suck up these chemicals into their labeled pipets for later use.
2. Perform the following steps on each of the substances to be tested. Complete all tests of one substance and record your observations before proceeding to the next.
a. Place 4 small test tubes into wells of the 24-well plate.
b. Place small amounts of the substance to be tested in each of the four micro test tubes.
3. First test tube:
a. Examine and record color and odor.
b. Light the burner …show more content…
fuel wick. Grasp the test tube with the holder and heat the sample by slowly moving it just above the flame, as displayed in Figure 1. Observe the effect of heat on the substance. Note the evolution of any gases.
c. Allow the test tube to cool before storing or the well plate plastic may melt.
4. Second test tube:
a. Add enough cold water to 1/4 fill the test tube above the sample material. Stir with the glass stirring rod. Observe the solubility of the substance in cold water.
b. Light the burner fuel wick. Grasp the test tube with the holder and heat the sample by slowly moving it just above the flame, making sure the flame is directed toward the top of the water and the test tube’s open end is not pointed at anyone. Gently heat the water just to boiling. Observe the solubility in hot water.
c. Tear off approximately 1/2-cm pieces of both red and blue litmus paper.
d. Allow the solution to cool, and using the glass stirring rod, transfer a drop of the solution onto a piece of litmus paper. Record the results. Clean the stirring rod.
5. Third test tube:
a. Add a few pipet drops of HCl (hydrochloric acid) to the sample and stir. NOTE: Use the test tube holder\clamp as some reactions are exothermic, i.e. the test tube may get very hot. Record any apparent reaction or solubility. Clean the stirring rod.
6. Fourth test tube: Add a few pipet drops of NaOH (sodium hydroxide) to the sample. Stir.
Record any apparent reaction or solubility. Clean the stirring rod.
7. Thoroughly clean and dry all 4 test tubes. Repeat Steps 2 though 6 with the next substance.
Observations and Experimental Data:
Substance: Mg
Color: Silver
Odor: Slighty
Effect of Heat: Particles moved, bubbles flowing up to top
Solub. or Reaction w/cold H2O: No reaction
Solub. or Reaction w/hot H2O: Bubbles produced from the gas
Litmus test: Red turned blue and blue had no change
Dilute HCl: Sizzle, steams, heat output
Dilute NaOH: Gas was formed.
Substance: Cu
Color: Redish Brown
Odor: None
Effect of Heat: Became darker, almost purple like.
Solub. or Reaction w/cold H2O: No reaction
Solub. or Reaction w/hot H2O: No reaction
Litmus test: No reaction on red or blue.
Dilute HCl: Solution turned yellowish, but no actual reaction on copper
Dilute NaOH: No reaction
Substance: Zn
Color: Silver
Odor: None
Effect of Heat: None
Solub. or Reaction w/cold H2O:None
Solub. or Reaction w/hot H2O: None
Litmus test: Blue turned white. Red had no reaction.
Dilute HCl: Bubbles up and fumes form, the zinc became darker in color.
Dilute NaOH: None
Substance: MgO
Color: White
Odor: Yes
Effect of Heat: None
Solub. or Reaction w/cold H2O: Dissolved water turned white.
Solub. or Reaction w/hot H2O: MgO separated from water.
Litmus test: Red turned blue and blue had no reaction
Dilute HCl: Fizzes and substance turns yellowish while bubbling the back to white.
Dilute NaOH: Dissolves and substance became a bit thick
Substance: CuCO3
Color: Green
Odor: Yes
Effect of Heat: Turned into black powder
Solub. or Reaction w/cold H2O: No reaction.
Solub. or Reaction w/hot H2O: No reaction
Litmus test: No change on blue or red.
Dilute HCl: Bubbles up, does not dissolve, solution turns green
Dilute NaOH: Turns navy blue
Substance: Cu(NO3)2
Color: Blue
Odor: Slight Odor
Effect of Heat: Dissolves fast, turns green then back to blue.
Solub. Or Reaction w/cold H20: Dissolves.
Solub. Or Reaction w/ hot H20: Solution turns green.
Litmus test: No reaction
Dilute HCI: Dissolves turns green and a bit gelatinous.
Dilute NaOH: Did not dissolve immediately, but after a few minutes it becomes a blue liquid.
Substance: NaCl
Color: White
Odor: Yes
Effect of Heat: Boils
Solub or Reaction w/ cold H2O: No reaction
Solub or Reaction w/ hot H2O: No reaction
Litmus test: No reaction
Dilute HCI: Does not dissolve
Dilute NaOH: Does not dissolve
Questions:
1. Did you observe any chemical changes in this experiment? Yes I did with Mg being diluted with HCI. It changed to a …show more content…
gas
2.
What evidence did you use to decide that something was a chemical change? When a substance combines with another to form a new substance.
3. Give at least two examples of chemical changes you observed. When you dilute MgO and CuCO3 with HCI it formed two different substances
4. Classify the following properties of Sodium metals as physical of chemical Silver metallic color Physical Turns gray in air Physical Melts at 98 degrees Physical Reacts explosively with chlorine gas Chemical
5. Classify the following changes as Physical or Chemical.
Water freezes at O degrees Physical
Baking soda when combined with vinegar produces bubbles Chemical
Moth balls gradually disappear at room temp Physical
Ice cubes in a freezer get smaller with time Physical
Baking soda loses mass as it is heated Physical
Tarnishing of silver Chemical
6. How would you show that dissolving table salt is a physical change? Because the substance is a solid and turns into another form when it is
dissolving