Physiology chapter 1 notes
OBJECTIVES
- Name the four major types of cells in the human body, and describe their defining characteristics. - Describe the distribution of water in the body, and define the different body fluid compartments.
- Define homeostasis and explain its significance to the function of the body. Describe the role of negative feedback in homeostasis.
- Describe how negative feedback systems regulate body temperature. Include the role of sensors, effectors, input, output, integrating center, set point, error signal, and regulated variables.
Guided Student Activities
Organization of the Body, 1.1 page 2
1. Physiology is the study of what?
The study of the functions of organisms comes in many forms-plant physiology, cell physiology, microbial physiology, and animal physiology, to name a few. Human physiology focuses on how the human body works.
2. What does pathophysiology refer to?
Pathophysiology refers to when normal body function is disrupted-to better demonstrate typical body function.
3. How would you describe an organ system?
A collection of anatomical structures, that works together to carry out a specific function.
4. The text uses the cells (The smallest living unit) in the brain as an example of how morphology (these are classified into four groups according to differences in their four general shapes) can be used to classify them into groups. But it also points out that even with these different morphologies these cells (neurons) are all in the same functional category because they transmit what?
They transmit information in the form of electrical signals from one body location to another. Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems
5. What are the 4 major classes of cells?
1. Neurons 2. Muscles cells 3. Epithelial cells 4. Connective tissue cells.
6. What is the primary basis for these classifications?
Functional differences. 7. Neurons are specialized to do what?
They are specialized to transmit
- Name the four major types of cells in the human body, and describe their defining characteristics. - Describe the distribution of water in the body, and define the different body fluid compartments.
- Define homeostasis and explain its significance to the function of the body. Describe the role of negative feedback in homeostasis.
- Describe how negative feedback systems regulate body temperature. Include the role of sensors, effectors, input, output, integrating center, set point, error signal, and regulated variables.
Guided Student Activities
Organization of the Body, 1.1 page 2
1. Physiology is the study of what?
The study of the functions of organisms comes in many forms-plant physiology, cell physiology, microbial physiology, and animal physiology, to name a few. Human physiology focuses on how the human body works.
2. What does pathophysiology refer to?
Pathophysiology refers to when normal body function is disrupted-to better demonstrate typical body function.
3. How would you describe an organ system?
A collection of anatomical structures, that works together to carry out a specific function.
4. The text uses the cells (The smallest living unit) in the brain as an example of how morphology (these are classified into four groups according to differences in their four general shapes) can be used to classify them into groups. But it also points out that even with these different morphologies these cells (neurons) are all in the same functional category because they transmit what?
They transmit information in the form of electrical signals from one body location to another. Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems
5. What are the 4 major classes of cells?
1. Neurons 2. Muscles cells 3. Epithelial cells 4. Connective tissue cells.
6. What is the primary basis for these classifications?
Functional differences. 7. Neurons are specialized to do what?
They are specialized to transmit