Pigs in Heaven

1984: Part1

Chapter1
Vocab:
Faltered (흔들리다): The act of pausing uncertainty
Meagerness (부족한, 빈약한, 여윈): deficient in amount/quality/extent
Nebulous (흐린, 뚜렷하지 않은): lacking definite form/limits
Orthodoxy (정통의): traditional
Paradox (역설, 모순): a statement that contradicts itself
Sanguine (낙천적인, 쾌활한): confidently optimistic and cheerful
Tableau (극적 정경, 인상적인 장면): a group of people attractively arranged

1. What atmosphere or mood is established in the descriptions given in the first two paragraphs?
The place where Winston lives is very ghetto-like, it has dark atmosphere

2. A. In the second paragraph, what do we learn about the society in which Winston Smith lives?
The society Winston lives in is very restricted

B. What do we learn of Winston’s physical appearance?
Winston is very young but he has old man’s body—“Winston is thirty-nine year old, and has a varicose ulcer above his right ankle”

3. Describe Winston’s apartment
Winston's apartment is sketchy, and smelly, and old. It has the posters related to Big Brother and telescreens all over the places. Strangely, the telescreen in Winston's apartment is hung at such an angle that there is a small alcove in which Winston cannot be seen.

4. Look in the appendix. What is “INGSOC”?
Ingsoc (Newspeak for English Socialism or the English Socialist Party) is the political ideology of the totalitarian government of Oceania

5. Describe the telescreens
Telescreen is an oblong metal plaque like a dulled mirror that simultaneously receives and transmits information that cannot be controlled by Winston. The machine constantly spews Party propaganda, but also monitors each Party member, listening to his or her words and observing his or her actions in search of evidence of disloyalty. Although its monitor can be turned off from a comrade, it cannot be truly turned off to prevent thoughtpolice from watching. The telescreens are an important tool of the Thought Police, whose sole responsibility is identifying those disloyal - even with a single word, phrase, or facial expression - to the Party.

6. What types of police are there?
Police patrol: make a round of inspection
Thought Police: police that watches every act of members of inner Party, and analysis their behaviors to found out who is against the big brother.

7. In what way are the three Party slogans a paradox?
The slogans of, “WAR IS PEACE; FREEDOM IS SLAVERY; and IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH” is paradox because the two significant words in each line contradict one another.

8. A. What is each of the four ministries of government responsible for?
Ministry of Truth (Minitrue): news, entertainment, education and the fine arts
Ministry of Peace (Minipax): war
Ministry of Love (Miniluv): law and order
Ministry of Plenty (Miniplenty): economic affairs

B. In what ways are the four ministries of the ministries ironic?
Ministry of love-“love”, but uses scartactics-fear and hatred of Big Brother-to control people
Ministry of Truth-“truth”, but reports lies to the comrades and citizens
Ministry of Plenty-“plenty”, but poor supplies
Ministry of peace – rage war in order to bring peace

9. A. Describe the film that Winston had seen the night before
A war film about armed forces killing innocent civilians of their opponents
B. How does most of the audience react to the film? The most of the audience laugh as they watch people die
C. How does one of the proles react? What does this show about her?
The woman got up and protested about inappropriateness of showing it to the kids, until the police turned her down.

10. What are Winston’s thoughts about O’Brien?
Winston thinks that O’Brien is one of the most significant people even within the inner Party and he has a manner that a noble man might have. Winston feels O’Brien is too perfect that he hopes O’Brien’s political orthodoxy was not perfect.

11. What are Winston’s views of the “dark haired girl”?
Winston doesn’t like girls in general because they are the ones who seduce the Party members to do illegal act and to kill them as a proof of the worship of the Party. Winston thinks the dark haired girl is one of them.

12. Describe the “Two Minutes Hate”. What is Winston’s reaction to this?
Two Minutes Hate, from George Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, is a daily period in which Party members of the society of Oceania must watch a film depicting the Party's enemies (notably Emmanuel Goldstein and his followers) and express their hatred for them. Winston feels there is nothing to really “hate” but he can feel that it draws him to feel hatred of something and expresses due to the outer force-other comrades’ hatred towards Goldstein.

13. What does Winston observe about O’Brien and what does this suggest to Winston?
Winston looks into O’Brien’s eyes towards the end of Two minutes Hate, and he finds a similar hatred against the Party and Big Brother, makes him to believe that O’Brien is on his side.

14. Why is Winston writing a diary? What does Winston write in his diary? How does Winston feel about his action? (p.19)
Winston writes in his diary to express his thoughts against Big Brother and the Party, which he cannot show it in the public. He writes “DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER” repeatedly in his diary, and he feels terror for committing a crime of disagreeing with what Big Brother and the Party’s belief.

15. Give this chapter a title. Explain your choice.
Protesting. Winston is against the Party very strongly

Chapter 2
Vocab:
Entail (수반하다): to cause or involve by necessity or as a consequence. Obscure (무명의; 모호한): (of meaning) not clear or plain; ambiguous, vague, or uncertain

1. Describe Winston’s neighbours.
Mrs Parsons: about 30-year-old women who looks much older who has two sons

2. Describe the apartment of Winston’s neighbours
Old and sketchy, some equipment does not function well—“Victory Mansions were old flats, built in 1930 or thereabouts, and were falling to pieces. The plaster flaked constantly from ceilings and walls, the pipes burst in every hard frost, the roof leaked whenever there was sow the heating system was usually running at half steam when it was not closed down altogether from motives of economy. Repairs, except what you could do for yourself, had to e sanctioned by remote committees which were liable to hold up even the mending o a window-pane for two years” (Orwell 23).

3. What makes the neighbour’s children and all children so frightening to Winston?
The children spy on their parents to find out unorthodoxy out of them, and report the act to the Party. All other children adored the Party and everything connected with it—“What was worst of all was that b means of such organizations as the Spies they were systematically turned into ungovernable little savages (…) people over thirty to be frightened of their own children” (Orwell 26-27). It shows that the children feel more connection to the Big Brother and the Party than they do to their parents. They seem to be fine without their parents, but not without the Party. They act like child soldiers, and they do great job in finding details that the police could miss it.

4. What is Winston’s reaction when he catches O’Brien’s eye?
When Winston catches O’Brien’s eyes, he knew at once, that O’Brien thinks the same as what he’d been thinking about the Party and Big Brother-against them, and that he knew too, about Winston’s thoughts against them.

5. What does Winston say about opposition to the Party?
It is impossible to go against the Party and if one tries to, the one will get caught sometime, and will be tortured and killed in the end.

6. Give this chapter a title. Explain your choice.
Hopelessness:
Chapter 3
Vocab:
Annihilate (섬멸하다, 전멸시키다): kill in large numbers Furtive (은밀한, 엉큼한, 수상쩍은): marked by quiet and caution and secrecy Genially (친절하게, 다정하게): in an affable manner Inscrutable (불가사의한): of an obscure nature
Reproach (비난하다, 나무라다): a mild rebuke or criticism
Repudiate (부인하다, ~을 물리치다, 버리다): cast off
Statuesque (위엄이 있는, 당당한): of size and dignity suggestive of a statue

1. What do we learn of Winston’s memory of his mother?
We learn about his mother’s appearance, and her sacrificial actions for Winston.

2. What is “doublethink” and how does the Party use it?
Double think is a simultaneous belief in two contradictory ideas—“To know and not to know, to be conscious of complete truthfulness while telling carefully constructed lies, to hold simultaneously two opinions which cancelled out, knowing them to be contradictory and believing in both of them, to use logic against logic, to repudiate morality while laying claim to it, to believe that democracy was impossible and that the Party was the guardian of democracy, to forget whatever it was necessary to forget, then to draw it back into memory again at the moment when it was needed, and then promptly to forget it again: and above all, to apply the same process to the process itself. That was the ultimate subtlety: consciously to induce unconsciousness, and then, once again, to become unconscious of the act of hypnosis you had just performed. Even to understand the word 'doublethink' involved the use of doublethink’” (Orwell 37-38).

3. What happens during the morning exercises?
Winston doublethink about the history of what he knows and what the Party records, and is irritated of the fact that he is forgetting the truth by the outer force (Party).

4. Give this chapter a title. Explain your choice.
Manipulation of mind: The Party’s control of the others manipulates their mind to think in a way what the Party wants them to think.

Chapter 4
Vocab:
Gesticulating (몸짓으로 이야기하다): Making gestures while speaking Multitude (다수, 많은): A large indefinite number Proletarian (최하층민): A social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages Rectify (~을 시정하다): Determine the length of Superseded (대체하다): Take the place or move into the position of

1. What does Winston’s job involve?
Winston Smith works for the Records Department (RecDep) of Ministry of Truth (Minitrue), "rectifying" historical records and newspaper articles to make them conform to Big Brother's most recent pronouncements, thus making everything that the Party says true.

2. How does the Party treat its citizens?
The Party manipulates the citizens by implanting wrong information through news, films and other technologies to conceive them to believe what they want the others to believe.

3. Give this chapter a title. Explain your choice.
Manipulation: Winston is forced (manipulated) from the Party to do his job in ministry of truth, where the comrades rectify wrong information what the Party persists, to control the citizens.

Chapter 5
Vocab:
Saboteurs (파괴 행위를 하는 사람): someone who commits sabotage or deliberately causes wrecks Strident (귀에 거슬리는, 불쾌한): conspicuously and offensively loud Vapid (맛없는, 김 빠진, 지루한): lacking taste or flavor or tang

1. A. What is Winston’s relationship with Syme?
Winston and Syme are comrades that Winston has special feelings for, than other he feels to other comrades. However, Syme could report Winston if he showed any sign of thinking against the Party and Big Brother.

B. Why does Winston believe Syme will be vaporized? (p. 56)
Winston believes Syme is too smart so he will be vaporized from the Party who think he could betray them—“One of these days, thought Winston with sudden deep conviction, Syme will be vaporized. He is too intelligent. He sees too clearly and speaks too plainly. The Party does not like such people. One day he will disappear. It is written in his face” (Orwell 56).

2. What does Syme say about Newspeak? Why does Syme believe this action is necessary?
Newspeak is destroying oldspea k, which has vague meanings in words, and it is necessary to prevent thoughtcrime by narrowing the range of thought—“‘… aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought? In the end we shall make thoughtcrime literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to express it’”(Orwell 55).

3. Describe Parsons’ character
Parsons is arrogant. He pretends to say sorry to Winston about his children for being rude last day, but his true intention is to boast his children’s acts of worship of Big Brother. He is also thoughtless: Winston talks about how Parsons will never be vaporized because he is the kind of men Party prefers to have (have no intelligence = not threatening to the Party)

4. What is Winston’s reaction to the dark haired girl? What do you think of his reaction?
Winston is very nervous from the fact that the dark haired girl was watching him while he was thinking against the Party and big brother. He is scared if she is one of the thought police, or spies to report him for committing thoughtcrime—“The sweat started out on Winston’s backbone. A horrible pang of terror went through him. It was gone almost at once, but it left a sort of nagging uneasiness behind. (…) her real object had been to listen to him and make sure whether he was shouting loudly enough” (Orwell 64-65). However, on the other side, he shows sexual interest in the dark haired girl.

5. Give this chapter a title. Explain your choice.
Comrades: Winston looks forward to be with the comrades, even though it is dangerous to be with them since he might shows his opposition the Party. He enjoys the fact that he is with someone—anyone and could talk to because there is nothing else to do.

Chapter 6
Vocab:
Impregnable (확고한): impossible to attack Tacitly (말없이, 넌지시): in a tacit (무언의, 잠잠한, 암묵의) manner

1. Why would the Party disapprove of marriage?
The Party disapprove the marriage if the couple is attracted one another from their instinct, because it makes them to feel the desires for their future, and therefore it might arouse opposing thoughts of the Party in them to achieve a better environment for them—“Its real, undeclared purpose was to remove all pleasure from the sexual act. Not love so much as eroticism was the enemy, inside marriage as well as outside it” (Orwell 68). Instead, marriage becomes a duty to the Party, to increase the number of Party members.

2. Give this chapter a title. Explain your choice.
Victory Factory: An individual gets married to another as a proof of their love; however, comrades cannot marry to a person who they truly love. Since the Party manipulates everything to run the way they want, for example marriage is just a tool to produce more Party member, it is like a factory that manufactures same thing.
Chapter 7
Vocab:
Axiom (자명한 이치, 원리, 격언): a saying that is widely accepted on its own merits Clamored (아우성, 떠들어대다): a loud harsh or strident noise Defection (저버림, 탈당, 변절): withdrawing support or help despite allegiance or responsibility Dinginess (우중충한): discoloration due to dirtiness Falsification (변조, 위조, 곡해): any evidence that helps to establish the falsity of something Heresy (이단, 이단의 주장, 이론): any opinions or doctrines at variance with the official or orthodox position Ideology (이념, 사상): an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group or nation Indoctrinate (세뇌시키다): teach doctrines (원칙) to

1. A. Why does Winston believe that the only hope of a government overthrow lies with the proles?
Winston believe that the proles are the only ones to stand up against the government because they consist 85% of the population and therefore, if they are determined to fight against them, and they can trust each other, unlike the Party members, since the comrades don’t know who is against the Party or with the Party, so they fear of being wrong in choosing their sides—“If there was hope, it must lie in the proles (…) Even if the legendary Brotherhood existed, as just possibly it might, it was inconceivable that its members could ever assemble in larger numbers than twos and threes. (…)But the proles, if only they could somehow become conscious of their own strength, would have no need to conspire” (Orwell 73).

B. What do the proles have that the upper classes do not?
Proles have freedom, unlike the Party members do. They are allowed to do most things they do—“They were beneath suspicion. As the Party slogan put it: ‘Proles and animals are free’” (Orwell 75).

2. What is Winston speaking of when he says, “I understand the HOW: I do not understand WHY?”
Winston knows how to rectify the past, because it is his job, but he doesn’t understand the reason the Party is continuously re-writing the history—“The immediate advantages o falsifying the past were obvious, but the ultimate motive was mysterious” (Orwell 83).

3. Give this chapter a title. Explain your choice.
Mistrust: Winston says the party members cannot be the one who can make the revolution because they cannot trust each other. Also, Winston’s hatred against the Party comes after seeing their dishonest act of manipulating the truth in The Tree café.

Chapter 8
Vocab:
Altercation (언쟁, 논쟁, 격론): noisy quarrel (싸우다, 다투다, 언쟁하다) Amulets (부적, 액막이): a trinket or piece of jewelry usually hung about the neck and thought to be a magical protection against evil or disease Conspicuous (눈에 띄는, 두드러지는): obvious to the eye or mind Groveling (비굴한, 기는, 굽실거리는): totally submissive (복종하는, 순종하는) Incongruous (조화되지 않는, 일치하지 않는): lacking in harmony or compatibility or appropriateness Innumerable (셀 수 없이 많은, 무수한): too numerous to be counted Intricate (복잡한, 미묘한, 끈끈한): having many complexly arranged elements Lackey (하인, 아첨꾼): a male servant Nostalgia (향수, 그리움): longing (갈망하는) for something past Palpable (촉진할 수 있는, 쉽사리 알 수 있는, 뚜렷한): capable of being perceived Pugnacious (싸우기 좋아하는): tough and callous by virtue of experience Reconnoiter (정찰하다, 조사하다, 답사하다): explore, often with the goal of finding something or somebody Shirking (일을 회피하다): the evasion (회피, 둘러대기) of work or duty Tentatively (시험적으로, 임시로, 시험삼아): under terms not final or fully worked out or agreed upon

1. Why is the old man Winston talks to in the bar unable to tell him whether the old days had been better than the present?
The old man has poor memory, and only remembers small, useless information from the past—“They remembered a million useless things, (…) They were like the ant, which can see small objects nut not large ones” (Orwell 96-97).

2. Describe Mr. Charrington
Mr. Charrington seems intellectual and educated—“His spectacles, his gentle, fussy movements and the fact that he was wearing an aged jacket of black velvet, gave him a vague air of intellectuality, (…) His voice was soft, as though faded, and his accent less debased than that of the majority off proles” (Orwell 98).

3. Why does Winston think of renting Mr. Charringtons’ Apartment?
There is no telescreen in the room to watch every movement of Winston, and the coziness of the room attracts him—“It seemed to him that he knew exactly what it felt like to sit in a room like tis, (…) nobody watching you, no voice pursuing you, no sound except the singing of the kettle and the friendly ticking of the clock. ‘ There’s no telescreen!’ he could not help murmuring” (Orwell 100).

4. A. What is Winston’s first reaction when he sees the dark-haired girl on the street?
Winston freezes from seeing the dark-haired girl for thinking that the girl for sure, was spying on him. He horrifies from thinking that Party already knew his rebellion thoughts against them—“For a few seconds Winston was too paralyzed to move. (…) because it was not credible that by pure change she should have happened to be walking on the same evening up the same obscure backstreet, kilometers distant from any quarter where Party members lived” (Orwell 104).

B. What action does he consider?
Winston considers to run back to where the girl passed him and catch up the girl too assassinate her to free himself from being watched by the Party—“He could keep on her track till they were in sine quiet place, and then smash her skull in with a cobblestone” (Orwell 105). However, he soon abandons that idea, and thinks of establishing a partial alibi for the night in the community centre, but he is too lassitude to do so.

5. Give this chapter a title. Explain your choice.
Crime and Punishment: Winston commits a crime that goes against Party. He goes to the pub and second hand shop in proles’ district to find out the truth of the history that he’d been rectifying for most of his life, and to get proles’ object, which is an act that is banned among comrades. He is being punished from anxiety that nibbles his thoughts by bits of being caught by the thought police.

6. Give a title to Part 1 of the novel. Explain your choice.
Awakening: The novel starts with Winston’s age of mid-30s, and shows his unhappiness with the Party and Big Brother. If Winston had this thought for a long time before and behaved against the party (ex. Buying second-hand from proles’ shop), then he would already been caught by the thought police and eliminated and therefore, it shows that Winston starts think the oddness of the society and the unfair treatment (ex. Being watched, everything is controlled by Party)